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Central obesity is a symptom of Cushing's syndrome [38] and is also common in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Central obesity is associated with glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia. Once dyslipidemia becomes a severe problem, an individual's abdominal cavity would generate elevated free fatty acid flux to the liver.
Central obesity is a key feature of the syndrome, as both a sign and a cause, in that the increasing adiposity often reflected in high waist circumference may both result from and contribute to insulin resistance. However, despite the importance of obesity, affected people who are of normal weight may also be insulin-resistant and have the ...
In the United States a waist circumference of >102 cm (≈40") in men and >88 cm (≈34.5") in women [26] or the waist–hip ratio (the circumference of the waist divided by that of the hips) of >0.9 for men and >0.85 for women are used to define central obesity.
This pattern may lead to an "triangle"-shaped body or central obesity, and is more common in males than in females. Thus, the android fat distribution of men is about 48.6%, which is 10.3% higher than that of premenopausal women. [2] In other cases, an ovoid shape forms, which does not differentiate between men and women.
A high ABSI appears to correspond to a higher proportion of central obesity, or abdominal fat. In a sample of Americans in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey , death rates in some subjects were high for both high and low BMI and WC, a familiar conundrum associated with BMI. [ 6 ]
For example, the U.S. Navy circumference method compares abdomen or waist and hips measurements to neck measurement and height and other sites claim to estimate one's body fat percentage by a conversion from the body mass index. In the U.S. Navy, the method is known as the "rope and choke."
The BAI is calculated as: [2] Hip circumference (Pearson correlation coefficient, R = 0.602) and height (R = −0.524) are strongly correlated with percentage of body fat.. Comparing BAI with "gold standard" dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) results, the correlation between DXA-derived percentage of adiposity and the BAI in a target population was R = 0.85, with a concordance of C_b = 0
More than twenty-five years ago, WHtR was first suggested as a simple health risk assessment tool because "it is a proxy for harmful central adiposity"; [3] it predicts obesity-related cardiovascular disease. A boundary value of 0.5 was proposed to indicate increased risk.