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Majority rule or parliamentary sovereignty vs. bill of rights or arbitrary rules with separation of powers and supermajority rules to prevent tyranny of the majority and protect minority rights; Rule according to higher law (unwritten ethical principles) vs. written constitutionalism; Separation of church and state or free church vs. state religion
The term plutocracy is generally used as a pejorative to describe or warn against an undesirable condition. [3] [4] Throughout history, political thinkers and philosophers have condemned plutocrats for ignoring their social responsibilities, using their power to serve their own purposes and thereby increasing poverty and nurturing class conflict and corrupting societies with greed and hedonism.
Meritocracy (merit, from Latin mereō, and -cracy, from Ancient Greek κράτος kratos 'strength, power') is the notion of a political system in which economic goods or political power are vested in individual people based on ability and talent, rather than wealth or social class. [1]
The State Council repealed the restrictive laws introduced by Zviad Gamsakhurdia and introduced more liberal regulations for demonstrations. On August 2, the Council of State issued a "Manifesto of Reconciliation" and pardoned all political prisoners detained from January to June 1992. The council lifted the state of emergency in Tbilisi in August.
"Georgia", A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825, Massachusetts: American Antiquarian Society and Tufts Archival Research Center; Digital Public Library of America. Assorted materials related to (U.S. state)+General+Assembly* Georgia (U.S. state) General Assembly
The State Council held nationwide elections in October 1992 to elect a "Head of State" (Eduard Shevardnadze) and a Parliament composed of 20 parties and four blocs. In the three years of the State Council's existence, it went through a resolution of the conflict in South Ossetia, a war in Abkhazia, state reforms that abolished the Prime ...
In a kleptocracy, corrupt politicians enrich themselves secretly outside the rule of law, through kickbacks, bribes, and special favors from lobbyists and corporations, or they simply direct state funds to themselves and their associates. Also, kleptocrats often export much of their profits to foreign nations in anticipation of losing power.
In 1939, Monsignor J. Francis McIntyre, Chaplain of the New York State Council of the Knights of Columbus, later a cardinal, suggested formation of the group. He conceived the idea of a ladies organization to work with the Knights. The New York State Council formulated a plan for such an organization.