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Amira (ah-MEER-ah) is a software platform for visualization, processing, and analysis of 3D and 4D data. It is being actively developed by Thermo Fisher Scientific in collaboration with the Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB), and commercially distributed by Thermo Fisher Scientific — together with its sister software Avizo.
Stereolithography is a 3D-printing technique that uses photopolymerization to bind substrate that has been laid layer upon layer, creating a polymeric network. As opposed to fused-deposition modeling, where the extruded material hardens immediately to form layers, 4D printing is fundamentally based in stereolithography, where in most cases ultraviolet light is used to cure the layered ...
Following is a list of notable software, computer programs, used to develop a mathematical representation of any three dimensional surface of objects, as 3D computer graphics, also called 3D modeling.
The first production system for 3D tissue printing was delivered in 2009, based on NovoGen bioprinting technology. [69] Several terms have been used to refer to this field of research: organ printing, bio-printing, body part printing, [70] and computer-aided tissue engineering, among others. [71]
Different models of 3D printing tissue and organs. Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting is the use of 3D printing–like techniques to combine cells, growth factors, bio-inks, and biomaterials to fabricate functional structures that were traditionally used for tissue engineering applications but in recent times have seen increased interest in other applications such as biosensing, and ...
Fused filament fabrication - 3D printing process that uses a continuous filament of a thermoplastic material; Qlone - 3D scanning app based on photogrammetry for creation of 3D models on mobile devices that can be 3D printed; Metal injection molding; EnvisionTEC - 3D printing hardware company; Desktop Metal - company focused on 3D metal printing
4D (software), a complete programming environment including database and web server 4D SAS, developers of 4D and Wakanda; 4D Inc, a US-based subsidiary of 4D SAS; 4D BIM, a term used in computer aided design; 4D printing; Cinema 4D, a commercial cross platform 3D graphics application; SGI IRIS 4D, a line of workstations from Silicon Graphics
Other natural polymers that have been used for tissue and 3D organ printing include chitosan, hydroxyapatite (HA), collagen, and gelatin. Gelatin is a thermosensitive polymer with properties exhibiting excellent wear solubility, biodegradability, biocompatibility, as well as a low immunologic rejection. [21]