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The gastrocnemius muscle is prone to spasms, which are painful, involuntary contractions of the muscle that may last several minutes. [5] A severe ankle dorsiflexion force may result in a Medial Gastrocnemius Strain (MGS) injury of the muscle, commonly referred to as a "torn" or "strained" calf muscle, which is acutely painful and disabling. [6]
Sometimes, the SSV joins the common gastrocnemius vein before draining in the popliteal vein. [2] Sometimes, it does not make contact with the popliteal vein, but goes up to drain in the GSV at a variable level. [1] Instead of draining in the popliteal vein, it can merge with the Giacomini vein and drain in the GSV at the superior 1/3 of the thigh.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to human anatomy: . Human anatomy is the scientific study of the morphology of the adult human.It is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy.
The GSV, a superficial vein, is the longest vein in the body. It has its origin in the dorsal venous arch of the foot , a superficial vein which connects the small saphenous vein with the GSV. It travels up the leg and medial side of the thigh to reach the groin, where it drains into the common femoral vein. [ 32 ]
The plantaris closely follows the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. Its tendon runs between those of the soleus and gastrocnemius and is embedded in the medial end of the calcaneus tendon. [32] In the deep layer, the tibialis posterior has its origin on the interosseus membrane and the neighbouring bone areas and runs down behind the medial ...
The soleus is the most effective muscle for plantar flexion in a bent knee position. The gastrocnemius originates on the femur, so bending the leg limits its effective tension. During regular movement (i.e., walking) the soleus is the primary muscle utilized for plantar flexion due to the slow-twitch fibers resisting fatigue. [9]
The sural nerve accompanies the small saphenous vein as it descends in the posterior leg, traveling inferolateral to it as it crosses the lateral border of the Achilles tendon. [12] The tendon is the thickest tendon in the human body. [11] It can receive a load stress 3.9 times body weight during walking and 7.7 times body weight when running. [13]
With the patient supine, empty the superficial veins by 'milking' the leg in the distal to proximal direction. Now press with your thumb over the saphenofemoral junction (2.5 cm below and 2.5 cm lateral to the pubic tubercle ) and ask the patient to stand while you maintain pressure.