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Brahmanism evolved into Hinduism, which is significantly different from the preceding Brahmanism, [a] though "it is also convenient to have a single term for the whole complex of interrelated traditions." [5] The transition from ancient Brahmanism to schools of Hinduism was a form of evolution in interaction with non-Vedic traditions. This ...
Many traditions within Hinduism share the Vedic idea of a metaphysical ultimate reality and truth called Brahman. According to Jan Gonda, Brahman denoted the "power immanent in the sound, words, verses and formulas of Vedas" in the earliest Vedic texts. The early Vedic religious understanding of Brahman underwent a series of abstractions in the ...
Brahman alone is svatantra tattva (independent reality), while the activities and existence of the other two realities depend on Brahman are regarded as paratantra tattva (dependent reality). [ 14 ] According to Gupta, in this approach the relation between Atman and Brahman is " svābhāvika or natural, not brought about by any external agency ...
Sanskrit (ब्रह्मन्) Brahman (an n-stem, nominative bráhma, from a root bṛh-"to swell, expand, grow, enlarge") is a neuter noun to be distinguished from the masculine brahmán —denoting a person associated with Brahman, and from Brahmā, the creator God in the Hindu Trinity, the Trimurti. Brahman is thus a gender-neutral ...
The Puranas and various Hindu traditions treat both Shiva and Vishnu as being different aspects of the one Brahman. Harihara is a symbolic representation of this idea. A similar idea, called Ardhanarishvara or Naranari, fuses masculine and feminine deities as one and equivalent representation in Hinduism. [4]
The emerging self-definitions of Hinduism were forged in the context of continuous interaction with heterodox religions (Buddhists, Jains, Ajivikas) throughout this whole period, and with foreign people (Yavanas, or Greeks; Sakas, or Scythians; Pahlavas, or Parthians; and Kusanas, or Kushans) from the third phase on [between the Mauryan empire ...
Mitra, the god of oaths, promises, and friendships; Varuna, the god of water the seas, the oceans, and rain; Indra, also called Śakra, the king of gods, and the god of weather, storms, rain, and war; Savitr, the god of the morning sun; associated with Surya; Aṃśa, solar deity; associated with Surya; Aryaman the god of customs, hospitality ...
[38] [note 9] [note 10] [note 11] It was aided by the settlement of Brahmins on land granted by local rulers, [39] [40] the incorporation and assimilation of popular non-Vedic gods, [web 2] [41] [note 12] and the process of Sanskritization, in which "people from many strata of society throughout the subcontinent tended to adapt their religious ...