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On Windows NT operating systems, CHKDSK can also check the disk surface for bad sectors and mark them (in MS-DOS 6.x and Windows 9x, this is a task done by Microsoft ScanDisk). The Windows Server version of CHKDSK is RAID-aware and can fully recover data in bad sectors of a disk in a RAID-1 or RAID-5 array if other disks in the set are intact. [11]
The software is designed to find, test, diagnose and repair hard disk drives, reveal problems, display health and avoid failures by using S.M.A.R.T. (Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology) function of hard disk drives. [34] [35] [36] The detected information can be saved to file in formats such as HTML, text, or XML. [37] [38] [39]
Hard disk and other storage drives are subject to failures (see hard disk drive failure) which can be classified into two basic classes: Predictable failures which result from slow processes such as mechanical wear and gradual degradation of storage surfaces. Monitoring can determine when such failures are becoming more likely.
Internal hard drive defect management is a system present in hard drives for handling of bad sectors.The systems are generally proprietary and vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, but typically consist of a "P" (for "permanent" or "primary") list of bad sectors detected in the manufacturing stage and a "G" (for "growth") list of bad sectors that crop up after manufacturing. [1]
IBM introduced the first version of fdisk (officially dubbed "Fixed Disk Setup Program") in March 1983, with the release of the IBM PC/XT computer (the first PC to store data on a hard disk) and the IBM PC DOS 2.0 operating system. fdisk version 1.0 can create one FAT12 partition, delete it, change the active partition, or display partition data. fdisk writes the master boot record, which ...
[26] [27] [24] Windows 3.1, 95, and 98 supports customizing the color of the screen [28] whereas the color is hard-coded in the Windows NT family. [28] Windows 95, 98, and Me render their BSoDs in the 80×25 text mode with a 720×400 screen resolution. BSoDs in the Windows NT family initially used the 80×50 text mode with a 720×400 screen ...
INT 13h is shorthand for BIOS interrupt call 13 hex, the 20th interrupt vector in an x86-based (IBM PC-descended) computer system.The BIOS typically sets up a real mode interrupt handler at this vector that provides sector-based hard disk and floppy disk read and write services using cylinder-head-sector (CHS) addressing.
In computing, the BIOS parameter block, often shortened to BPB, is a data structure in the volume boot record (VBR) describing the physical layout of a data storage volume. On partitioned devices, such as hard disks , the BPB describes the volume partition, whereas, on unpartitioned devices, such as floppy disks , it describes the entire medium.