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ST segment depression and T-wave changes may be seen in patients with unstable angina; Depressed but upsloping ST segment generally rules out ischemia as a cause. Also, it can be a normal variant or artifacts, such as: Pseudo-ST-depression, which is a wandering baseline due to poor skin contact of the electrode [3]
Illustration of ST segment elevation and depression The normal ST segment has a slight upward concavity. Flat, downsloping, or depressed ST segments may indicate coronary ischemia. ST elevation may indicate transmural myocardial infarction. An elevation of >1mm and longer than 80 milliseconds following the J-point.
Since PR and PT interval are regarded as baseline, ST segment elevation is regarded as a sign of myocardial ischemia. The opposing leads (such as V3 and V4 versus posterior leads V7–V9) always show reciprocal ST segment changes (ST elevation in one lead is followed by ST depression in the opposing lead).
In electrocardiography, a strain pattern is a well-recognized marker for the presence of anatomic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in the form of ST depression and T wave inversion on a resting ECG. [1] It is an abnormality of repolarization and it has been associated with an adverse prognosis in a variety heart disease patients.
ST segments remains neutral in this syndrome. Those who were treated without angiography will develop anterior wall myocardial infarction in a mean period of 9 days. [4] An episode of chest pain in Wellens' syndrome is associated with ST elevation or depression and later progressed to T wave abnormality after chest pain subsided.
ST segment: The ST segment connects the QRS complex and the T wave; it represents the period when the ventricles are depolarized. It is usually isoelectric, but may be depressed or elevated with myocardial infarction or ischemia. ST depression can also be caused by LVH or digoxin.
Diagnosis is based on an ECG showing ST-segment depression at the J-point of 1 to 3 mm in leads V1 to V6, with tall and symmetrical T waves. [1] The ST-segment is upsloping and there is also often ST-segment elevation of 0.5 to 2 mm in lead aVR. [1] [2] The QRS complex is either normal or slightly wide. [1]
The 2018 European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association/World Health Federation Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction for the ECG diagnosis of the ST segment elevation type of acute myocardial infarction require new ST elevation at J point of at least 1mm (0.1 mV) in two contiguous leads with the cut-points: ≥1 mm in all leads ...