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A hiatal hernia or hiatus hernia [2] is a type of hernia in which abdominal organs (typically the stomach) slip through the diaphragm into the middle compartment of the chest. [1] [3] This may result in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) with symptoms such as a taste of acid in the back of the mouth or heartburn.
The diaphragm separates the chest from the abdomen. The esophagus (swallowing tube) passes through the hiatal opening in the diaphragm to reach the stomach. With a hiatal hernia, part of the stomach is displaced upwards into the chest (Figure 1). Large hiatal hernias may cause chronic gastrointestinal blood loss leading to iron deficiency anemia.
Endoscopic findings may include a hiatal hernia, esophagitis, strictures, tumors, or masses. [2] Increased pressure at the LES over time may result in an epiphrenic diverticulum. [2] Further evaluation for mechanical causes of obstruction may include CT scans, MRI, or endoscopic ultrasound. [2]
The diagnosis of hiatus hernias is often done by endoscopy. [3] Groin hernias that do not cause symptoms in males do not need immediate surgical repair, a practice referred to as "watchful waiting". [1] However most men tend to eventually undergo groin hernia surgery due to the development of pain. [1]
Diagnosis of Roemheld syndrome usually begins with a cardiac workup, as the gastric symptoms may go unnoticed, and the cardiac symptoms are frightening and can be quite severe. After an EKG , Holter monitor , tilt table test , cardiac MRI , cardiac CT , heart catheterization , electrophysiology study , echocardiogram , and extensive blood work ...
HLES (hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter) is a rare manometric abnormality seen among individuals with dysphagia, chest pain, gastroesophageal reflux, and hiatal hernia. [ 7 ] Diagnosis
Diameter: The width of the spot is greater than 6 centimeters (approximately the size of a pencil eraser), although melanoma could be diagnosed at smaller sizes.
It can be caused by or associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease, [1] esophagitis, a dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter, disordered motility, lye ingestion, or a hiatal hernia. Strictures can form after esophageal surgery and other treatments such as laser therapy or photodynamic therapy. While the area heals, a scar forms, causing ...
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