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Melanonychia is a black or brown pigmentation of a nail, and may be present as a normal finding on many digits in Afro-Caribbeans, as a result of trauma, systemic disease, or medications, or as a postinflammatory event from such localized events as lichen planus or fixed drug eruption.
It can be a manifestation of lichen planus, psoriasis, alopecia areata, immunoglobulin A deficiency, atopic dermatitis, and ichthyosis vulgaris. [ 7 ] "The longitudinal striations can occur as a normal part of the aging process", [ 2 ] and not until the nails start to thin and get a sandpaper look is the condition called trachonychia.
Lichen planus may be categorized as affecting mucosal or cutaneous surfaces.. Cutaneous forms are those affecting the skin, scalp, and nails. [10] [11] [12]Mucosal forms are those affecting the lining of the gastrointestinal tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, anus), larynx, and other mucosal surfaces including the genitals, peritoneum, ears, nose, bladder and conjunctiva of the eyes.
To avoid misdiagnosis as nail psoriasis, lichen planus, contact dermatitis, nail bed tumors such as melanoma, trauma, or yellow nail syndrome, laboratory confirmation may be necessary. [ 2 ] Other conditions that may appear similar to onychomycosis include: psoriasis , normal aging, green nail syndrome , yellow nail syndrome , and chronic ...
Graham-Little syndrome or Graham-Little–Piccardi–Lassueur syndrome is a cutaneous condition characterized by lichen planus-like skin lesions. [ 1 ] : 648 It is named after Ernest Graham-Little .
While Beau's lines are actual ridges and indentations in the nail plate, Muehrcke lines are areas of hypopigmentation without palpable ridges; they affect the underlying nail bed, and not the nail itself. Beau's lines should also be distinguished from Mees' lines of the fingernails, which are areas of discoloration in the nail plate.
Lichen planus Pterygium unguis (or dorsal pterygium [ 1 ] : 660 ) forms as a result of scarring between the proximal nailfold and matrix, with the classic example being lichen planus , though it has been reported to occur as a result of sarcoidosis and Hansen's disease .
Examples include lichen planus, lichen sclerosus and lichen nitidus. It can also be associated with abrasion or drug use. [2] It has been observed in conjunction with the use of proton pump inhibitors, and might be a sign and/or symptom of lupus such as subacute cutaneous lupus erythematous, according to the case reports and reviews. [3] [4] [5 ...