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A googol is the large number 10 100 or ten to the power of one hundred. In decimal notation, it is written as the digit 1 followed by one hundred zeros: 10, 000, 000 ...
The special case of Legendre's formula for = gives the number of trailing zeros in the decimal representation of the factorials. [57] According to this formula, the number of zeros can be obtained by subtracting the base-5 digits of from , and dividing the result by four. [58]
A natural number is a sociable factorion if it is a periodic point for , where = for a positive integer, and forms a cycle of period . A factorion is a sociable factorion with k = 1 {\displaystyle k=1} , and a amicable factorion is a sociable factorion with k = 2 {\displaystyle k=2} .
Now the function + is unimodal, with maximum value zero. Locally around zero, it looks like − t 2 / 2 {\displaystyle -t^{2}/2} , which is why we are able to perform Laplace's method. In order to extend Laplace's method to higher orders, we perform another change of variables by 1 + t − e t = − τ 2 / 2 {\displaystyle 1+t-e^{t}=-\tau ^{2}/2} .
The factorial number system is sometimes defined with the 0! place omitted because it is always zero (sequence A007623 in the OEIS). In this article, a factorial number representation will be flagged by a subscript "!". In addition, some examples will have digits delimited by a colon. For example, 3:4:1:0:1:0! stands for
where p ∈ Z[X] and c ∈ Z: it suffices to take for c a multiple of all denominators of the coefficients of q (for example their product) and p = cq. The content of q is defined as: = (), and the primitive part of q is that of p. As for the polynomials with integer coefficients, this defines a factorization into a rational number and a ...
Because of the order of zeros and poles being defined as a non-negative number n and the symmetry between them, it is often useful to consider a pole of order n as a zero of order –n and a zero of order n as a pole of order –n. In this case a point that is neither a pole nor a zero is viewed as a pole (or zero) of order 0.
In such a context, "simplifying" a number by removing trailing zeros would be incorrect. The number of trailing zeros in a non-zero base-b integer n equals the exponent of the highest power of b that divides n. For example, 14000 has three trailing zeros and is therefore divisible by 1000 = 10 3, but not by 10 4.