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Topical apraclonidine can also decrease IOP in glaucoma patients by increasing trabecular outflow, in a similar way to clonidine, [1] but without the cardiovascular side effects. Apraclonidine has been compared with other treatments such as brimonidine and pilocarpine in preventing IOP spikes after laser trabeculoplasty. [2]
Botulinum toxin is the most acutely lethal toxin that is known. It is produced by the bacterium clostridium botulinum.It acts inside nerve terminals by decreasing the release of acetylcholine, blocking neuromuscular transmission and thereby causing flaccid muscular paralysis.
The most important factor that must be taken into account when designing any type of drug delivery device, and specifically ocular devices, is the release rate of a drug. As discussed previously, the deliver rate and kinetics associated with drugs to the eye can reach levels that are toxic to the eye or could even cause undesirable side effects.
Six of the people who received these fake Botox injections were treated for botulism, which is what happens when botulinum toxin gets into the bloodstream. This potentially deadly disease includes ...
No studies have indicated a long-term negative effect of Botox, though there are possible side effects to be aware of: Swelling, pain, and bruising at the injection site, headache and flu symptoms ...
Injections of botulinum toxin may diminish in effectiveness with prolonged use and require increased dosage. [48] Injections of botulinum toxin increase the risk of visual complaints and ptosis (eyelid droop). [46] Patients who do not respond well to medication or botulinum toxin injections are candidates for surgical therapy.
Botox injection can weaken and lengthen muscles, but weak, stretched muscles are often the primary problem in strabismus. Scott was therefore developing the anesthetic drug bupivacaine as an injection to strengthen and shorten weak muscles. Bupivacaine injection stresses a muscle and triggers a growth process, analogous to how load-bearing ...
A Botox injection can be a very safe procedure as long as it is injected into the correct and intended muscle, one doctor stated. Bastian said it has been rewarding to pioneer the Botox method.