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  2. Asynchronous I/O - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asynchronous_I/O

    Because the desired transfer speeds were faster even than could tolerate the minimum four-operation per-datum loop (bit-test, conditional-branch-to-self, fetch, and store), the hardware would often be built with automatic wait state generation on the I/O device, pushing the data ready poll out of software and onto the processor's fetch or store ...

  3. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    The boolean values True and False were added to the language in Python 2.2.1 as constants (subclassed from 1 and 0) and were changed to be full blown keywords in Python 3. The binary comparison operators such as == and > return either True or False .

  4. List comprehension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_comprehension

    Here, the list [0..] represents , x^2>3 represents the predicate, and 2*x represents the output expression.. List comprehensions give results in a defined order (unlike the members of sets); and list comprehensions may generate the members of a list in order, rather than produce the entirety of the list thus allowing, for example, the previous Haskell definition of the members of an infinite list.

  5. Order of operations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_operations

    [2] [3] Thus, in the expression 1 + 2 × 3, the multiplication is performed before addition, and the expression has the value 1 + (2 × 3) = 7, and not (1 + 2) × 3 = 9. When exponents were introduced in the 16th and 17th centuries, they were given precedence over both addition and multiplication and placed as a superscript to the right of ...

  6. List of algorithms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_algorithms

    Used in Python 2.3 and up, and Java SE 7. Insertion sorts Insertion sort: determine where the current item belongs in the list of sorted ones, and insert it there; Library sort; Patience sorting; Shell sort: an attempt to improve insertion sort; Tree sort (binary tree sort): build binary tree, then traverse it to create sorted list

  7. Fold (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(higher-order_function)

    Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...

  8. Comparison of programming languages (syntax) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming...

    The actual statement is in columns 7 through 72 of a line. Any non-space character in column 6 indicates that this line is a continuation of the prior line. A 'C' in column 1 indicates that this entire line is a comment. Columns 1 though 5 may contain a number which serves as a label.

  9. Selection sort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selection_sort

    In computer science, selection sort is an in-place comparison sorting algorithm.It has a O(n 2) time complexity, which makes it inefficient on large lists, and generally performs worse than the similar insertion sort.