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  2. atan2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atan2

    atan2(y, x) returns the angle θ between the positive x-axis and the ray from the origin to the point (x, y), confined to (−π, π].Graph of ⁡ (,) over /. In computing and mathematics, the function atan2 is the 2-argument arctangent.

  3. Minute and second of arc - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minute_and_second_of_arc

    It is especially popular as a unit of measurement with shooters familiar with the imperial measurement system because 1 MOA subtends a circle with a diameter of 1.047 inches (which is often rounded to just 1 inch) at 100 yards (2.66 cm at 91 m or 2.908 cm at 100 m), a traditional distance on American target ranges.

  4. Machin-like formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machin-like_formula

    If = then ⁡ is 45 degrees or radians. This means that if the real part and complex part are equal then the arctangent will equal π 4 {\textstyle {\frac {\pi }{4}}} . Since the arctangent of one has a very slow convergence rate if we find two complex numbers that when multiplied will result in the same real and imaginary part we will have a ...

  5. Angular diameter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular_diameter

    5°20 ′ by 3°5 ′ Andromeda Galaxy: 3°10 ′ by 1° About six times the size of the Sun or the Moon. Only the much smaller core is visible without long-exposure photography. Charon (from the surface of Pluto) 3°9’ Veil Nebula: 3° Heart Nebula: 2.5° by 2.5° Westerhout 5: 2.3° by 1.25° Sh2-54: 2.3° Carina Nebula: 2° by 2°

  6. Arctangent series - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctangent_series

    Mādhava's work was unknown in Europe, and the arctangent series was independently rediscovered by James Gregory in 1671 and by Gottfried Leibniz in 1673. [2] In recent literature the arctangent series is sometimes called the Mādhava–Gregory series to recognize Mādhava's priority (see also Mādhava series). [3]

  7. Solid angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle

    [1] Solid angles can also be measured in square degrees (1 sr = (180/ π) 2 square degrees), in square arc-minutes and square arc-seconds, or in fractions of the sphere (1 sr = ⁠ 1 / 4 π ⁠ fractional area), also known as spat (1 sp = 4 π sr). In spherical coordinates there is a formula for the differential,

  8. Milliradian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milliradian

    A milliradian (SI-symbol mrad, sometimes also abbreviated mil) is an SI derived unit for angular measurement which is defined as a thousandth of a radian (0.001 radian). ). Milliradians are used in adjustment of firearm sights by adjusting the angle of the sight compared to the barrel (up, down, left, or

  9. Magic angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_angle

    The magic angle is a precisely defined angle, the value of which is approximately 54.7356°. The magic angle is a root of a second-order Legendre polynomial, P 2 (cos θ) = 0, and so any interaction which depends on this second-order Legendre polynomial vanishes at the magic angle.