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Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), also known as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS), is a rare condition in which parts of the brain are affected by swelling, usually as a result of an underlying cause.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is present in a small minority of patients. [2] [3] [4] This condition features the unique property that the patient's cerebral arteries can spontaneously constrict and relax back and forth over a period of time without intervention and without clinical findings.
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome; Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts. It can also refer to gene MLC1 or Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1, a human gene related to the former disease. Hypertensive leukoencephalopathy; The classification of leukoencephalopathies is a matter of ...
Some neurological syndromes outside of the ACR classification may also be considered NPSLE manifestations. These include neuromyelitis optica, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, small fiber neuropathy, [4] and Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome. [5]
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) can also result from medication toxicity. [4] [8] [12] Symptoms similar to those of leukoencephalopathy patients have been seen in PRES patients. However, the prognosis of toxic leukoencephalopathy is typically slightly worse than that of PRES because toxic leukoencephalopathy is more likely ...
Hypertensive encephalopathy (HE) is general brain dysfunction due to significantly high blood pressure. [3] Symptoms may include headache, vomiting, trouble with balance, and confusion. [1] Onset is generally sudden. [1] Complications can include seizures, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and bleeding in the back of the eye. [1] [3]
In addition, there have been reported cases of the posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. [12] Recently, an analogue of ponatinib was developed that retained anti-tumor efficacy but had reduced cardiovascular toxicity in experimental models. [13]
Ifosfamide can cause a severe encephalopathy (but it can be reversible with stopping use of the drug and starting the use of methylene blue). [5] Bevacizumab and other anti–vascular endothelial growth factor medication can cause posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. [5]