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Artabanus of Persia (or Artabanus the Hyrcanian; Ancient Greek: Ἀρτάβανος) was a Persian political figure during the Achaemenid dynasty who was reportedly Regent of Persia for a few months (465 BC – 464 BC). Artabanus probably originated from the province of Hyrcania and reportedly served as the chief official of Xerxes I.
Artabanus (Ancient Greek: Ἁρτάβανος Artabanos; Middle Persian: ʾltwʾn Ardawān) may refer to various rulers/monarchs of ancient Persia and Parthia: Artabanus (son of Hystaspes), brother of Darius I and uncle of Xerxes I; Artabanus of Persia, Hyrcanian by birth, commander of Xerxes's guard, and Xerxes's assassin (465 BC)
Artabanus I (Parthian: 𐭍𐭐𐭕𐭓 Ardawān), incorrectly known in older scholarship as Artabanus II, [1] was king of the Parthian Empire, ruling briefly from c. 127 to 124/3 BC. [ note 1 ] His short reign ended abruptly when he died during a battle against the Yuezhi in the east.
Artabanus IV, also known as Ardavan IV (Parthian:𐭓𐭕𐭐𐭍), incorrectly known in older scholarship as Artabanus V, [1] was the last ruler of the Parthian Empire from c. 213 to 224. He was the younger son of Vologases V , who died in 208.
The Parthian, or Arsacid, monarchs were the rulers of Iran from their victories against the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire in the 140s BC (although they had ruled a smaller kingdom in the region of Parthia for roughly a century at that point, founded by Arsaces I) until the defeat of the last Parthian king, Artabanus IV, at the Battle of Hormozdgan in AD 224.
Artabanus II (also spelled Artabanos II or Ardawan II; Parthian: 𐭍𐭐𐭕𐭓 Ardawān), incorrectly known in older scholarship as Artabanus III, [1] was King of Kings of the Parthian Empire from 12 to 38/41 AD, with a one-year interruption. He was the nephew and successor of Vonones I (r. 8–12).
Artaxerxes was probably born in the reign of his grandfather Darius I, to the emperor's son and heir, Xerxes I.In 465 BC, Xerxes I was murdered by Hazarapat ("commander of thousand") Artabanus, the commander of the royal bodyguard and the most powerful official in the Persian court, with the help of a eunuch, Aspamitres. [9]
Ardashir's conquest of Pars and taking the adjacent lands was a threat for Artabanus; therefore, Artabanus defied Ardashir and eventually lost the Battle of Hormozdgan and was killed. It was after that when Ardashir was able to claim being "the Shahanshah of Iranians ".