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Chemical methods include prophylactic stump treatment with a solution of urea immediately after the infection. This protects the stump by hydrolysis of the compound by the enzyme urease in the living wood tissue, which results in formation of ammonia and a rise in pH to a level that H. annosum at which mycelia are unable to survive. Biological ...
A dense cluster of fruit bodies growing on a rotting stump. Several studies have shown that the spread of Armillaria root rot in eucalypt forests is associated with infected stumps that remain after an area has been logged. [28] [29] [30] Armillaria luteobubalina can persist on these stumps, using them as a source of food for up to 25 or more ...
The best-known types are brown rot, soft rot, and white rot. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Each produce different enzymes, can degrade different plant materials, and can colonise different environmental niches. [ 6 ] Brown rot and soft rot both digest a tree's cellulose and hemicellulose but not its lignin; white rot digests lignin as well.
Apart from structural wood preservation measures, there are a number of different chemical preservatives and processes (also known as timber treatment, lumber treatment or pressure treatment) that can extend the life of wood, timber, and their associated products, including engineered wood. These generally increase the durability and resistance ...
The treatment methods described below assume that the dry rot has been positively identified, the full extent of the rot ascertained, and that the building is now water tight. A number of methods of attacking dry rot have been developed which can be classified as follows: Orthodox – emphasis on the use of chemical fungicides
Ammonium sulfamate is considered to be particularly useful in controlling tough woody weeds, tree stumps and brambles.. Ammonium sulfamate has been successfully used in several major UK projects by organisations like the British Trust for Conservation Volunteers, English Heritage, the National Trust, and various railway, canal and waterways authorities.
Biological control agents, such as Phlebiopsis gigantea, have been demonstrated as competitive agents to displace Heterobasidion on stumps. [11] Stump removal is a common method to remove inoculum and bait stumps from forests after logging for other Heterobasidion species but is not a common method of control for H. occidentale. [8] [12]
Armillaria can remain viable in stumps for 50 years. Chemical treatments do not eradicate the fungus entirely, and they are not cost-effective. The most frequent and effective approach to managing root disease problems is to attempt to control them at final harvest by replanting site-suited tree species that are disease tolerant.
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