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In chemistry, a phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups (−OH) in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds. The "bond" involves this linkage C−O−PO − 2 O−C . [ 1 ]
In a related reaction, thioesters can be converted into esters. [9] Thioacetate esters can also be cleaved with methanethiol in the presence of stoichiometric base, as illustrated in the preparation of pent-4-yne-1-thiol: [10] H 3 C(CH 2) 3 OMs + KSAc → H 3 C(CH 2) 3 SAc + KOMs H 3 C(CH 2) 3 SAc + HSMe → H 3 C(CH 2) 3 SH + MeSAc
1071 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000087237 n/a UniProt P11597 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000078 NM_001286085 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_000069 NP_001273014 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 16: 56.96 – 56.98 Mb n/a PubMed search n/a Wikidata View/Edit Human Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), also called plasma lipid transfer protein, is a plasma protein that facilitates the transport of cholesteryl esters and ...
Cholesteryl oleate, a member of the cholesteryl ester family. Cholesteryl esters are a type of dietary lipid and are ester derivatives of cholesterol. The ester bond is formed between the carboxylate group of a fatty acid and the hydroxyl group of cholesterol. Cholesteryl esters have a lower solubility in water due to their increased ...
2, to interact with the saturated fatty acyl-CoA chain, forming a double bond and two molecules of water, H 2 O. Two electrons come from NADH + H + and two from the single bond in the fatty acid chain. [7] These mammalian enzymes are, however, incapable of introducing double bonds at carbon atoms beyond C-9 in the fatty acid chain. [nb 1].)
Esterases cleave ester bonds in lipids and phosphatases cleave phosphate groups off molecules. An example of crucial esterase is acetylcholine esterase , which assists in transforming the neuron impulse into the acetate group after the hydrolase breaks the acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid . [ 1 ]
The microtubule-associated protein tau is abnormally hyperphosphorylated when isolated from the brain of patients who suffer from Alzheimer's disease. This is due to the dysfunction of dephosphorylation mechanisms at specific amino acids on the tau protein. Tau dephosphorylation is catalysed by protein phosphatase-2A and phosphatase-2B.
Once the mutants have been established, two methods can be employed to calculate the free energy associated with a salt bridge. One method involves the observation of the melting temperature of the wild-type protein versus that of the three mutants. The denaturation can be monitored through a change in circular dichroism. A reduction in melting ...