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Lithium carbonate can induce a 1–2 kg of weight gain. [62] In addition to tremors, lithium treatment appears to be a risk factor for development of parkinsonism-like symptoms, although the causal mechanism remains unknown. [63] Most side effects of lithium are dose-dependent. The lowest effective dose is used to limit the risk of side effects.
Legal status. In Wikidata. An anxiolytic (/ ˌæŋksiəˈlɪtɪk, ˌæŋksioʊ -/; also antipanic or anti-anxiety agent) [ 1 ] is a medication or other intervention that reduces anxiety. This effect is in contrast to anxiogenic agents which increase anxiety.
Individuals with social anxiety disorder fear negative evaluations from other people. Physical symptoms often include excessive blushing, excessive sweating, trembling, palpitations, rapid heartbeat, muscle tension, shortness of breath, [ 5 ] and nausea. Stammering may be present, along with rapid speech.
Anxiety is an emotion which is characterised by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] Anxiety is different from fear in that fear is defined as the emotional response to a present threat, whereas anxiety is the anticipation of a future one. [ 4 ]
Neurology. Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are symptoms that are archetypically associated with the extrapyramidal system of the brain's cerebral cortex. When such symptoms are caused by medications or other drugs, they are also known as extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE). The symptoms can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).
There must also be evidence that the panic or anxiety symptoms are a direct result of the use of the intoxicating substance. In caffeine-induced anxiety disorder, such symptoms would be due to the consumption of caffeine. The DSM-5 makes the distinction that the substance must be physiologically capable of leading to the anxiety and panic symptoms.
Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4- d ihydr o xy p henethyl amine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells. It is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families. Dopamine constitutes about 80% of the catecholamine content in the brain.
The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) (EC 4.2.1.1) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and hydrogen ions). [1] The active site of most carbonic anhydrases contains a zinc ion. They are therefore classified as ...
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