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The documentary hypothesis (DH) is a model for the origins and composition of the Torah, the first five books of the Bible. It posits that the Torah is a compilation of four sources: J, E, D, and P, with different dates and emphases.
The Priestly source (P) is a late and distinctive layer of the Torah, focusing on ritual law, priesthood, and the origins of shrines and rituals. It is associated with the Zadokite priests who returned from exile and claimed the Aaronite name.
The Torah, the first five books of the Bible, was composed by multiple authors over an extended period of time, according to modern scholarship. The date of the final form of the Torah is debated, but most scholars place it in the Persian or Hellenistic period, based on external and internal evidence.
Torah is the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, also known as the Pentateuch or the Law. It is a sacred text for Judaism, Christianity, Samaritanism and Islam, and contains teachings, stories and laws from God to Moses and the Israelites.
The Jahwist, or Yahwist, is one of the four sources of the Torah, named for its use of the term Yahweh for God. It is a controversial source, with different views on its date, scope, and authorship, and it has themes of human-soil relationship, divine-human separation, and human corruption.
The Judeo-Christian tradition holds that Moses wrote the Torah, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament, by divine dictation. The article traces the development and sources of this tradition, as well as the challenges and responses from biblical scholars.
The Samaritan Pentateuch is the sacred scripture of the Samaritans, written in a different script than the Masoretic Text used by Jews. It dates back to the Second Temple period and has six thousand differences from the Jewish text, some agreeing with the Septuagint and the Vulgate.
Richard Elliott Friedman is an American biblical scholar who wrote The Bible with Sources Revealed (2003), a book that follows the four-source documentary hypothesis model for the Pentateuch. He differs from Wellhausen in dating the Priestly source to the time of Hezekiah and the Jahwist to the time of the divided kingdom.