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In the English language, Romani people have long been known by the exonym Gypsies or Gipsies, [88] which many Roma consider to be an ethnic slur. [ 89 ] [ 90 ] [ 91 ] The attendees of the first World Romani Congress in 1971 unanimously voted to reject the use of all exonyms for the Roma, including "Gypsy". [ 92 ]
Generally speaking, 10% of Romani people, 20% of Romani boys and 25% of Romani girls are illiterate. The average literacy rate in europe is 98.77%. [137] [138] In England, 60% of all pupils reached the expected standard in all of English reading, writing and mathematics. Of children identified as Gypsy/Roma, 18% met the expected standard.
The migration of the Romani people through the Middle East and Northern Africa to Europe. The key shows the century of arrival in that area, e.g., S.XII is the 12th century. Romani people first arrived in Europe via the Balkans sometime between the 9th and 14th centuries from north India, through Iran, Armenia, and Anatolia. [33] [34] [35]
The Romani, or Roma, are a nomadic ethnic group, often pejoratively referred to as Gypsies, who have been in the Americas since the first Romani people reportedly arrived on Christopher Columbus’ third voyage in 1498.
The English term gypsy or gipsy [16] is commonly used to indicate Romani people, [17] and use of the word gipsy in modern-day English is pervasive (and is a legal term under English law—see below), and some Romani organizations use it in their own organizational names, particularly in the United Kingdom.
Romani people in England, Scotland and Wales generally call themselves “Gypsies”, “Romani Gypsies”, “Romanies” or “Romani”. Romanichal are found in England (As well as South Wales, Northeast Wales and the Scottish Borders), and they speak Angloromani .
"Gypsy" is a word that's been used to describe the Romani people. Merriam-Webster defines being "gypped" as being cheated, defrauded or swindled, and notes, regarding its etymology, that it is ...
Kal – Romani world music band from Serbia; Kibariye – Turkish singer of Romani descent; Kostas Hatzis – Greek singer-songwriter and musician; Lolita Flores (1958) – Spanish singer and actress; Los Niños de Sara – French (Spanish origin, Iberian Kale) rumba and flamenco singers and guitar players; Manitas de Plata (born 1921 ...