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A fish (pl.: fish or fishes) is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull, but lacking limbs with digits.Fish can be grouped into the more basal jawless fish and the more common jawed fish, the latter including all living cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as the extinct placoderms and acanthodians.
Common names of fish can refer to a single species; to an entire group of species, such as a genus or family; or to multiple unrelated species or groups. Ambiguous common names are accompanied by their possible meanings. Scientific names for individual species and higher taxa are included in parentheses.
Engraulis ringens. Wild. 4,692,855. Silver carp. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Cultivated. 4,189,578. A variety of Asian carp, widely cultivated with other aquaculture carp, but under pressure in its home range (China and eastern Siberia). Also called "flying fish", it is an invasive species in many countries.
Endangered (EN) species are considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild. In September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed 643 endangered fish species. [1] Of all evaluated fish species, 4.2% are listed as endangered. The IUCN also lists ten fish subspecies as endangered.
Most oceanic species (78 per cent, or 44 per cent of all fish species), live near the shoreline. These coastal fish live on or above the relatively shallow continental shelf. Only 13 per cent of all fish species live in the open ocean, off the shelf. Of these, 1 per cent are epipelagic, 5 per cent are pelagic, and 7 per cent are deep water. [16]
Fish account for more than half of vertebrate species. As of 2016, there are over 32,000 described species of bony fish, over 1,100 species of cartilaginous fish, and over 100 hagfish and lampreys. A third of these fall within the nine largest families; from largest to smallest, these are Cyprinidae , Gobiidae , Cichlidae , Characidae ...
List of cartilaginous fish. List of cichlid fish of Africa. List of cichlid fish of South America. List of commercially important fish species. List of Corydoras species. List of critically endangered fishes.
The seven native fish species regularly seen in fresh water are the flagtail (Kuhlia xenura), the mullet (Mugil cephalus), the gobies (Awaous stamineus, Lentipes concolor, Sicyopterus stimpsoni and Stenogobius hawaiiensis), and the sleeper goby (Eleotris sandwicensis). [6][7] Three of the gobies, A. stamineus, L. concolor and S. stimpsoni, are ...