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The Dawning of the Apocalypse: The Roots of Slavery, White Supremacy, Settler Colonialism, and Capitalism in the Long Sixteenth Century is a book by Gerald Horne, a Professor of African American History at the University of Houston. The book offers a historical analysis of the development of settler colonialism in North America in the 16th ...
Two rough estimates by scholars of the numbers African slaves held over twelve centuries in the Muslim world are 11.5 million [87] [page needed] and 14 million, [88] [89] while other estimates indicate a number between 12 and 15 million African slaves prior to the 20th century. [90]
His request was granted, although the motive for granting the request may have been at least partially economic. In 1518, 4000 African slaves were sent to the island. [17] According to Mannix and Cowley, in the 16th century, slavers were unapologetic–slavery was just an accepted practice. It was justified on the basis of religion.
Eighteenth century writers in Europe claimed that slavery in Africa was quite brutal in order to justify the Atlantic slave trade. Later writers used similar arguments to justify intervention and eventual colonization by European powers to end slavery in Africa. [95] Africans knew what awaited slaves in the New World.
Zanzibar was once East Africa's main slave-trading port, during the Indian Ocean slave trade and under Omani Arabs in the 19th century, with as many as 50,000 slaves passing through the city each year. [40] Prior to the 16th century, the bulk of slaves exported from Africa were shipped from East Africa to the Arabian peninsula.
In the 10th century, the Muslim scholar Mutahhar ibn Tahir al-Maqdisi described the trade between the Islamic world and Africa as consisting of food and clothing being imported into Africa while slaves, gold, and coconuts were exported out of Africa. [25] Later, the 16th century Andalusian writer Leo Africanus wrote that traders from Morocco ...
This bibliography of slavery in the United States is a guide to books documenting the history of slavery in the U.S., from its colonial origins in the 17th century through the adoption of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which officially abolished the practice in 1865. In addition, links are provided to related bibliographies and ...
The journey became more efficient over the centuries: while an average transatlantic journey of the early 16th century lasted several months, by the 19th century the crossing often required fewer than five to seven weeks. [12] African kings, warlords, and private kidnappers sold captives to Europeans who held several coastal forts.
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