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[87] [88] Nigeria's Energy Transition Plan (ETP) is a long-term strategy to decarbonize the country's energy sector and achieve net-zero emissions by 2060. The ETP was launched in August 2022 and is based on a data-driven approach that identifies the most cost-effective pathways to decarbonization.
The federal government of Nigeria established the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) in 2000 which aims to suppress the environmental and ecological impacts petroleum has had in the region. Governmental and nongovernmental organisations have also utilised technology to identify the source and movement of petroleum spills.
Until the power sector reforms of 2005, power supply and transmission was the sole responsibility of the Nigerian federal government. As of 2012, Nigeria generated approximately 4,000 - 5,000 megawatts of power for a population of 150 million people as compared with Africa's second-largest economy, South Africa, which generated 40,000 megawatts of power for a population of 62 million. [7]
About half of Nigeria’s more than 200 million people are hooked up to a national electricity grid that can't provide sufficient daily electricity to most of those connected.
Most of Africa's bitumen and lignite reserves are found in Nigeria. In its mix of conventional energy reserves, Nigeria is simply unmatched by any other country on the African continent. It is not surprising therefore that energy export is the mainstay of the Nigerian economy and the government is targeting 90% electrification rate by 2030. [9]
The environmental impact of electricity generation from wind power is minor when compared to that of fossil fuel power. [58] Wind turbines have some of the lowest global warming potential per unit of electricity generated: far less greenhouse gas is emitted than for the average unit of electricity, so wind power helps limit climate change. [59]
The Nigeria Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) is a policy being implemented by Nigeria's Federal Ministry of Environment that aims to increase the contribution of renewable energy to account for 10% of Nigerian total energy consumption by 2025. [1] The Renewable Energy Masterplan for Nigeria was produced in 2006 with support from the UNDP.
The National Energy Policy of Nigeria establishes guidelines for the protection of the environment in the exploitation of Nigeria's fossil fuels. It also emphasizes the exploration of renewable and alternative energy sources, primarily solar, wind, and biomass. [1]