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The pan-African flag (also known as the Afro-American flag, Black Liberation flag, UNIA flag, and various other names) is an ethnic flag representing pan-Africanism, the African diaspora, and/or black nationalism. [1] [2] [3] A tri-color flag, it consists of three equal horizontal bands of (from top down) red, black, and green. [4]
Red, black, and green, first introduced by Marcus Garvey in 1920, have also come to represent Pan-Africanism, and are shown on the pan-African flag. These colours have also been incorporated on national flags, and they have sometimes been used to represent black nationalism rather than Pan-Africanism.
Garvey was a master of the symbolic gesture and developed popular imagery, such as the red, black and green Pan-African flag. Garvey used parades and rallies to excite the imagination and attract ...
Garvey was a Pan-Africanist, [36] and an African nationalist. [37] In Jamaica, he and his supporters were heavily influenced by the pan-Africanist teachings of Dr Love and Alexander Bedward . [ 38 ] In the wake of the First World War , Garvey called for the formation of "a United Africa for the Africans of the World". [ 39 ]
Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. ONH (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940) was a Jamaican political activist. He was the founder and first President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL, commonly known as UNIA), through which he declared himself Provisional President of Africa.
The Pan-African flag, designed by the UNIA and formally adopted on August 13, 1920. Marcus Garvey (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940) : A prominent Pan-Africanist.In this 1922 picture, Garvey is shown in a military uniform as the "Provisional President of Africa" during a parade on the opening day of the annual Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World at Lenox Avenue in Harlem, New York City.
The song motivated the creation of the Pan-African flag in 1920 by the members of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League. [7] In a 1927 report of a 1921 speech appearing in the Negro World weekly newspaper, Marcus Garvey was quoted as saying, [ 8 ]
Official Blog of the UNIA: Millions For Marcus Garvey on Facebook; The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Project; Marcus Garvey: The Official Site; Gale Group guide to UNIA; American Series Sample Documents Archived 2015-06-03 at the Wayback Machine—Volume I: 1826 – August 1919; 1918 UNIA Constitution