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Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that interfere with our endocrine systems, which control the body’s hormones—such as insulin, testosterone, and estrogen—and numerous bodily functions ...
In this way, xenohormones act as endocrine disruptors by increasing or decreasing the activation of hormone receptors in the body. Xenohormones can often act on multiple hormone receptor types and enact multiple different effects. For example, BPA acts as an agonist of estrogen receptors and as an antagonist of androgen receptors. [15]
Xenoestrogens are a type of xenohormone that imitates estrogen.They can be either synthetic or natural chemical compounds.Synthetic xenoestrogens include some widely used industrial compounds, such as PCBs, BPA, and phthalates, which have estrogenic effects on a living organism even though they differ chemically from the estrogenic substances produced internally by the endocrine system of any ...
Many people of color are exposed to greater levels of endocrine disruptors, Bloom said. Some researchers have speculated that is because products marketed toward them, including hair care products ...
A comparison of the structures of the natural estrogen hormone estradiol (left) and one of the nonyl-phenols (right), a xenoestrogen endocrine disruptor. Endocrine disruptors, sometimes also referred to as hormonally active agents, [1] endocrine disrupting chemicals, [2] or endocrine disrupting compounds [3] are chemicals that can interfere with endocrine (or hormonal) systems. [4]
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BPA has been found to interact with a diverse range of hormone receptors, in both humans and animals. [78] It binds to both of the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ. BPA is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), or partial agonist of the ER, so it can serve as both an estrogen agonist and antagonist.
The concerns began with the hypothesis that BPA is an endocrine disruptor, i.e. it mimics endocrine hormones and thus has the unintended and possibly far-reaching effects on people in physical contact with the chemical. Since 2008, several governments have investigated its safety, which prompted some retailers to withdraw polycarbonate products.