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  2. Mandatory access control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_access_control

    Historically, MAC was strongly associated with multilevel security (MLS) as a means of protecting classified information of the United States.The Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC), the seminal work on the subject and often known as the Orange Book, provided the original definition of MAC as "a means of restricting access to objects based on the sensitivity (as represented by ...

  3. Visa policies of Overseas France - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_policies_of_Overseas...

    This exemption also applies to: Holders of a long-stay visa or residence permit issued by France or another Schengen Area country; Nationals of the following countries holding a multiple-entry visa issued by France with validity between 6 months and 5 years:

  4. De minimis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_minimis

    Under U.S. tax rules, the de minimis rule governs the treatment of small amounts of market discount. Under the rule, if a bond is purchased with a small amount of market discount (an amount less than 0.25% of the face value of a bond times the number of complete years between the bond's acquisition date and its maturity date) the market discount is considered to be zero and the discount on the ...

  5. Tax exemption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_exemption

    Tax exemption is the reduction or removal of a liability to make a compulsory payment that would otherwise be imposed by a ruling power upon persons, property, income, or transactions. Tax-exempt status may provide complete relief from taxes, reduced rates, or tax on only a portion of items.

  6. Exemption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exemption

    Exemption may refer to: . Tax exemption, which allows a certain amount of income or other value to be legally excluded to avoid or reduce taxation; Exemption (Catholic canon law), an exemption in the Roman Catholic Church, that is the whole or partial release of an ecclesiastical person, corporation, or institution from the authority of the ecclesiastical superior next higher in rank

  7. United Nations laissez-passer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_laissez-passer

    A United Nations laissez-passer (UNLP or LP) is a diplomatic travel document issued by the United Nations under the provisions of Article VII of the 1946 Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations [1] in its offices in New York City and Geneva, as well as by the International Labour Organization (ILO).

  8. Cultural exception - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_exception

    Cultural exception (French: l'exception culturelle) is a political concept introduced by France in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiations in 1993 [1] to treat culture differently from other commercial products.

  9. Possession and acquisition licence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possession_and_Acquisition...

    The possession and acquisition licence (PAL; French: permis de possession et d'acquisition) is the primary firearms licence under Canadian firearms laws.The PAL is the only licence issued to new adult firearms licence applicants in Canada; it is both required and the only permissible document for a person to possess and acquire, or permanently import a firearm.