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Diatomic molecules (from Greek di- 'two') are molecules composed of only two atoms, of the same or different chemical elements. If a diatomic molecule consists of two atoms of the same element, such as hydrogen ( H 2 ) or oxygen ( O 2 ), then it is said to be homonuclear .
Diatomic molecules consist of a bond between only two atoms. They can be broken into two categories: homonuclear and heteronuclear. A homonuclear diatomic molecule is one composed of two atoms of the same element. Examples are H 2, O 2, and N 2. A heteronuclear diatomic molecule is composed of two atoms of two different elements.
Heteronuclear molecules. A heteronuclear molecule is a molecule composed of atoms of more than one chemical element. [1] [2] For example, a molecule of water (H 2 O) is heteronuclear because it has atoms of two different elements, hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). Similarly, a heteronuclear ion is an ion that contains atoms of more than one chemical ...
For molecules that possess a center of inversion (centrosymmetric molecules) there are additional labels of symmetry that can be applied to molecular orbitals. Centrosymmetric molecules include: Homonuclear diatomics, X 2; Octahedral, EX 6; Square planar, EX 4. Non-centrosymmetric molecules include: Heteronuclear diatomics, XY; Tetrahedral, EX 4.
[16] [17] [18] A molecule may be homonuclear, that is, it consists of atoms of one chemical element, as with two atoms in the oxygen molecule (O 2); or it may be heteronuclear, a chemical compound composed of more than one element, as with water (two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom; H 2 O). A molecule is the smallest unit of a substance that ...
The most familiar homonuclear molecules are diatomic molecules, which consist of two atoms, although not all diatomic molecules are homonuclear. Homonuclear diatomic molecules include hydrogen (H 2), oxygen (O 2), nitrogen (N 2) and all of the halogens. Ozone (O 3) is a common triatomic homonuclear molecule. Homonuclear tetratomic molecules ...
Heteronuclear molecules and molecules that have more than two species are also called exciplex molecules (originally short for excited complex). Excimers are often diatomic and are composed of two atoms or molecules that would not bond if both were in the ground state. The lifetime of an excimer is very short, on the order of nanoseconds.
For heteronuclear diatomic molecules, the u/g symbol does not correspond to any exact symmetry of the electronic molecular Hamiltonian. In the case of less symmetric molecules the molecular term symbol contains the symbol of the group representation to which the molecular electronic state belongs. It has the general form: