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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). [2] [8] Early on, there are typically no symptoms. [2] Later, non-painful lymph node swelling, feeling tired, fever, night sweats, or weight loss for no clear reason may occur.
A diagnosis of vitamin B 12 deficiency is determined by blood levels lower than 200 or 250 picograms per ml (148 or 185 picomoles per liter). Measurement of blood methylmalonic acid (MMA), a vitamin B 12-associated metabolite, is a commonly used biomarker. [2] Deficiency is often suspected first, as diagnosis usually requires several tests.
Serum vitamin B 12 is a medical laboratory test that measure vitamin B 12 only in the blood binding to both transcobalamins. [1] Most of the time, 80–94% of vitamin B 12 in the blood binds to haptocorrin, while only 6–20% is binds to transcobalamin ll. [2] Only transcobalamin ll is "active" and can be used by the body. [1]
The gold standard for the diagnosis of Vitamin B 12 deficiency is a low blood level of Vitamin B 12. A low level of blood Vitamin B 12 is a finding that normally can and should be treated by injections, supplementation, or dietary or lifestyle advice, but it is not a diagnosis.
Diagnosis is supported based on vitamin B 12 blood levels below 150–180 pmol/L (200–250 pg/mL) in adults. [50] However, serum values can be maintained while tissue B 12 stores are becoming depleted. Therefore, serum B 12 values above the cut-off point of deficiency do not necessarily confirm adequate B 12 status. [2]
A myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is one of a group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature, and as a result, do not develop into healthy blood cells. [3] Early on, no symptoms typically are seen. [3] Later, symptoms may include fatigue, shortness of breath, bleeding disorders, anemia, or frequent infections. [3]
Specialty: Hematology and oncology: Symptoms: Bleeding, bruising, fatigue, fever, increased risk of infections [2] Usual onset: All ages, [3] most common in 60s and 70s. [4] It is the most common malignant cancer in children, but the cure rates are also higher for them.
The canine Lymphoma Blood Test (cLBT) measures multiple circulating biomarkers and utilises a complex algorithm to diagnose lymphoma. [15] This test utilises the acute phase proteins (C-Reactive Protein and Haptoglobin). In combination with basic clinical symptoms, it gives in differential diagnosis the sensitivity 83.5% and specificity 77%. [16]