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Being a diester, diethyl succinate is a particularly versatile building block. It participates in acyloin condensation to give 2-hydroxycyclobutanone. [1] Via condensation with oxalate esters, it serves as a precursor to ketoglutaric acid. [2] It is a reagent in the Stobbe condensation.
Succinic acid (/ s ə k ˈ s ɪ n ɪ k /) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH 2) 2 (CO 2 H) 2. [5] In living organisms, succinic acid takes the form of an anion, succinate, which has multiple biological roles as a metabolic intermediate being converted into fumarate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase in complex 2 of the electron transport chain which is involved in making ...
In chemistry, 2,2,3,3-tetramethylsuccinic acid or 2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutane-1,4-dioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the formula C 8 H 14 O 4, or HOOC-C(CH 3) 2-C(CH 3) 2-COOH. [1] [2] It can be seen as derivative of succinic acid (butane-1,4-dioic acid) with two methyl groups replacing two hydrogen atoms on each of the central carbon atoms ...
This acid is also produced when castor oil is oxidised. Suberic acid is used in the manufacture of alkyd resins and in the synthesis of polyamides (nylon variants). Azelaic acid's name stems from the action of nitric acid (azote, nitrogen, or azotic, nitric) oxidation of oleic acid or elaidic acid. It was detected among products of rancid fats.
The methyl red (MR) test can detect whether the mixed acid fermentation pathway occurs in microbes when given glucose. A pH indicator is used that turns the test solution red if the pH drops below 4.4. [12] If the fermentation pathway has taken place, the mixture of acids it has produced will make the solution very acidic and cause a red colour ...
The patent describes the reaction of the alkenes with excess maleic anhydride at 200 °C in an autoclave. The excess alkene is removed by distillation in vacuo, the resulting alkenyl succinic anhydride hydrolyzed with dilute sodium hydroxide solution and the disodium salt reacted with an acid to achieve an alkenebutanedioic acid.
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (SSADHD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder [1] of the degradation pathway of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid, or GABA. The disorder has been identified in approximately 350 families, with a significant proportion being consanguineous families . [ 2 ]
The enzyme phorbol-diester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.51) catalyzes the reaction phorbol 12,13-dibutanoate + H 2 O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } phorbol 13-butanoate + butanoate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases , specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds.