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The term "Brunei Protectorate" [45] or "British Protectorate of Brunei" [46] was used to describe a British Protected State of the United Kingdom that encompassed what is modern-day Brunei. The 1905–1906 Supplementary Treaty created a British Resident , whose counsel was obligatory on behalf of the Sultan in all domains, save Islamic ones.
Brunei, [b] officially Brunei Darussalam, [c] [d] is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the northern coast of the island of Borneo. Apart from its coastline on the South China Sea , it is completely surrounded by the Malaysian state of Sarawak , with its territory bifurcated by the Sarawak district of Limbang .
Although Brunei attained full independence in 1984, it was able to establish autonomous government in 1959.According to the Constitution of Brunei, the Sultan of Brunei has a great deal of political authority and can reject the choices made by the Executive Council as long as he justifies it in writing.
The Malay alphabet has a phonemic orthography; words are spelled the way they are pronounced, with a notable defectiveness: /ə/ and /e/ are both written as E/e.The names of the letters, however, differ between Indonesia and rest of the Malay-speaking countries; while Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore follow the letter names of the English alphabet, Indonesia largely follows the letter names of ...
The Sultanate of Brunei (Jawi: كسلطانن بروني) or simply Brunei (/ b r uː ˈ n aɪ / broo-NY), also known as the Bruneian Empire, was a Malay sultanate centered around Brunei on the northern coast of Borneo in Southeast Asia.
The oldest evidence of Jawi writing can be found on the 14th century Terengganu Inscription Stone, a text in Classical Malay that contains a mixture of Malay, Sanskrit and Arabic vocabularies. However, the script may have used as early as the 9th century, when Peureulak Sultanate has been established by the son of a Persian preacher.
By 1725, Brunei had many of its supply routes to the Sultanate of Sulu. [25] In 1888, Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin appealed to the British to stop further encroachment. [26] In the same year, the British signed a "Treaty of Protection" and made Brunei a British protectorate, [6] which lasted until 1984, when Brunei gained independence ...
Brunei has a parliament but there are no elections; the last election was held in 1962. [5] Under Brunei's 1959 constitution, the Sultan is the head of state with full executive authority. Since the 1962 Brunei revolt, this authority has included emergency powers, which are renewed every two years, as well as the imposition of martial law. [6]