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Xiao'erjing was used to annotate foreign language Islamic documents (in languages like Persian) using the Chinese language. [7] Xiao'erjing was used mostly by Muslims who could not read Chinese characters. It was imperfect due to various factors. The differing Chinese dialects would require multiple different depictions with Xiao'erjing.
The Dungan Revolt (1862–1877), also known as the Tongzhi Hui Revolt (simplified Chinese: 同治回乱; traditional Chinese: 同治回亂; pinyin: Tóngzhì Huí Luàn, Xiao'erjing: تُجِ خُوِ لُوًا, Dungan: Тунҗы Хуэй Луан) or Hui (Muslim) Minorities War, was a war fought in 19th-century western China, mostly ...
Chinese characters on the flags of a Dungan warlord. In China, to write texts in their native Chinese language, the Hui people, whom the Dungan people directly descend from [1] and who are occasionally also referred to as Dungans [2], used either Chinese characters or a modified Arabic script called Xiao'erjing (literally, "children's script").
Xiao'erjing uses the Arabic alphabet to transliterate Chinese. It is used on occasion by many ethnic minorities who adhere to the Islamic faith in China (mostly the Hui, but also the Dongxiang, and the Salar), and formerly by their Dungan descendants in Central Asia.
Dungan is unique in that it is one of the few varieties of Chinese that is not normally written using Chinese characters. Though it may be seen written in Chinese characters, this writing system is now considered obsolete. Originally, the Dungan, as descendants of the Hui, wrote their language in an Arabic-based alphabet known as Xiao'erjing.
Quran with Chinese translation recorded in both Arabic script of Xiao'erjing and Chinese scripts Qur'anic Manuscript in Sini script A book on law in Arabic, with a parallel Chinese translation in the Xiao'erjing Arabic script, published in Tashkent in 1899
A Chinese social media platform has grown so popular in the US that it's this week's most downloaded iPhone app — and it's become the site of a sudden East-meets-West cultural exchange.
Since the 1940s, the language has been written in Cyrillic script, though the language has historically also used Chinese characters and Xiao'erjing (Arabic script used for Chinese), though these are now considered obsolete. Dungan people are generally multilingual.