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These white-box testing techniques are the building blocks of white-box testing, whose essence is the careful testing of the application at the source code level to reduce hidden errors later on. [2] These different techniques exercise every visible path of the source code to minimize errors and create an error-free environment.
The tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine the appropriate outputs. This is analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, e.g. in-circuit testing (ICT). While white-box testing can be applied at the unit, integration and system levels of the software testing process, it is usually done at the unit level. It can test ...
A white box (or glass box, clear box, or open box) is a subsystem whose internals can be viewed but usually not altered. [1] The term is used in systems engineering , software engineering , and in intelligent user interface design, [ 2 ] [ 3 ] where it is closely related to recent interest in explainable artificial intelligence .
Gray-box testing is beneficial because it takes the straightforward technique of black-box testing and combines it with the code-targeted systems in white-box testing. Gray-box testing is based on requirement test case generation because it presents all the conditions before the program is tested by using the assertion method.
A common form of in-circuit testing uses a bed-of-nails tester.This is a fixture that uses an array of spring-loaded pins known as "pogo pins". When a printed circuit board is aligned with and pressed down onto the bed-of-nails tester, the pins make electrical contact with locations on the circuit board, allowing them to be used as test points for in-circuit testing.
This initial stage in testing normally carried out by the developer who wrote the code and sometimes by a peer using the white box testing technique. Integration testing This stage is carried out in two modes, as a complete package or as an increment to the earlier package. Most of the time black box testing technique is used.
White-box testing, in software testing; White box (computer hardware), a personal computer assembled from off-the-shelf parts; White-box cryptography, a cryptographic system designed to be secure even when its internals are viewed; Whitebox Geospatial Analysis Tools, a GIS & remote sensing software package; White box system, a bilge water ...
In 1981, Duran and Ntafos formally investigated the effectiveness of testing a program with random inputs. [23] [24] While random testing had been widely perceived to be the worst means of testing a program, the authors could show that it is a cost-effective alternative to more systematic testing techniques.