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Periapical periodontitis of some form is a very common condition. The prevalence of periapical periodontitis is generally reported to vary according to age group, e.g. 33% in those aged 20–30, 40% in 30- to 40-year-olds, 48% in 40- to 50-year-olds, 57% in 50- to 60-year-olds and 62% in those over the age of 60. [ 13 ]
The diagnosis of pulp necrosis can be based on the following observations: negative vitality, a periapical radiolucency, a grey tooth discoloration and even peri-apical lesions. [17] This altered translucency in the tooth is due to disruption and cutting off of the apical neurovascular blood supply.
Intraoral X-rays or a 3-D cone beam scan of the affected area can be used to obtain radiological images and confirm diagnosis of cysts in the periapical area. Circular or ovoid radiolucency surrounding the root tip of approximately 1-1.5 cm in diameter is indicative of the presence of a periapical cyst. [2]
The radiolucency is generally well defined and well corticated. The radiolucency often have a sclerotic border indicating bony reaction, but a secondarily infected cyst may display ill-defined borders. However, a large dentigerous cyst may give the impression of a multilocular process due to the persistence of bone trabeculae within the ...
In a study, 14.7% of patients were symptomatic, with pain being the most common symptom and may be associated with osteomyelitis. [2] Other symptoms may include hypoesthesia, paresthesia, and discomfort. [3] In rare instances, patients may experience associated facial swelling with the presence or absence of pain due to concurrent infection. [4]
Periapical granuloma, [1] also sometimes referred to as a radicular granuloma or apical granuloma, is an inflammation at the tip of a dead (nonvital) tooth. It is a lesion or mass that typically starts out as an epithelial lined cyst , and undergoes an inward curvature that results in inflammation of granulation tissue at the root tips of a ...
[10] Lateral periodontal cysts radiographically present as a rounded, teardrop shape that are usually less than 10mm in size, presenting with a uni-cystic well-delineated radiolucency. Lesions are situated usually between the tooth lateral surface between the root apex and alveolar crest. [10] A prominent cortical boundary [11] is also usually ...
Idiopathic osteosclerosis, also known as enostosis or dense bone island, is a condition which may be found around the roots of a tooth, usually a premolar or molar. [2] It is usually painless and found during routine radiographs as an amorphous radiopaque (light) area around a tooth.