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Germany was ruled by monarchs from the beginning of division of the Frankish Empire in August 843 to the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in August 1806. [1] [2] [3] During most of 19th century, independent German principalities were organized into various confederations, such as the Confederation of the Rhine dominated by Napoleon (1806-1913) and the German Confederation created by the ...
German kingdom (blue) in the Holy Roman Empire around 1000. This is a list of monarchs who ruled over East Francia, and the Kingdom of Germany (Latin: Regnum Teutonicum), from the division of the Frankish Empire in 843 and the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 until the collapse of the German Empire in 1918:
King of Germany r. 1152–1190 Holy Roman Emperor r. 1155–1190: Beatrice I 1143–1184 Countess of Burgundy: Conrad 1135–1195 Count Palatine of the Rhine: Judith of Hohenstaufen c. 1133 –1191: Henry Berengar 1136–1150 King of Germany r. 1147–1150: Frederick IV 1145–1167 Duke of Swabia: Irene Angelina c. 1181 –1208: Philip of ...
Kulturkampf: The School Supervision Act was passed, transferring all religious schools to state control. [37] 1873: 22 October: Germany joined the League of the Three Emperors, a conservative alliance with Russia and Austria-Hungary aimed at preserving those nations' interests in Eastern Europe. Roon resigned from the Prussian Ministry of War ...
The German Emperor (German: Deutscher Kaiser, pronounced [ˈdɔʏtʃɐ ˈkaɪzɐ] ⓘ) was the official title of the head of state and hereditary ruler of the German Empire.A specifically chosen term, it was introduced with the 1 January 1871 constitution and lasted until the abdication of Wilhelm II was announced on 9 November 1918.
From 1438 to 1806, the rulers of the House of Habsburg almost continuously reigned as Holy Roman Emperors. However, the realms of the Holy Roman Empire were mostly self-governing and are thus not considered to have been part of the Habsburg monarchy. Hence, the Habsburg monarchy (of the Austrian branch) is often called "Austria" by metonymy.
The German Confederation (German: Deutscher Bund [ˌdɔʏtʃɐ ˈbʊnt] ⓘ) was an association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe. [a] It was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 as a replacement of the former Holy Roman Empire, which had been dissolved in 1806 as a result of the Napoleonic Wars.
Great Britain: Pasquale Paoli: President of Corsica: Corsican Republic: 1769–1790 Great Britain United Kingdom: 1795–1807† Chaophraya Nakhon (Nu) King of Nakhon Si Thammarat: Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom: 1770–1776 Thonburi Kingdom: Şahin Giray: Khan of Crimea: Khanate of Crimea: 1783–1787† Russian Empire Ottoman Empire: Tenzing ...