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Given a difficult, novel problem in these areas, people search for a more familiar, related problem (a "prototypical case") and apply its solution as the solution to the harder problem. According to Sunstein, the opinions of trusted political or religious authorities can serve as heuristic attributes when people are asked their own opinions on ...
[1] [2] Boolos' article includes multiple ways of solving the problem. A translation in Italian was published earlier in the newspaper La Repubblica, under the title L'indovinello più difficile del mondo. It is stated as follows: Three gods A, B, and C are called, in no particular order, True, False, and Random.
Problem solving is the process of achieving a goal by overcoming obstacles, a frequent part of most activities. Problems in need of solutions range from simple personal tasks (e.g. how to turn on an appliance) to complex issues in business and technical fields.
A study on engineering students' abilities to answer very open-ended questions suggests that students showing more lateral thinking were able to solve the problems much quicker and more accurately. [15] Lateral problem "solving" Lateral thinking often produces solutions that appear "obvious" in hindsight.
Case-based reasoning (CBR), broadly construed, is the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems. [1] [2]In everyday life, an auto mechanic who fixes an engine by recalling another car that exhibited similar symptoms is using case-based reasoning.
First, you have to understand the problem. [2] After understanding, make a plan. [3] Carry out the plan. [4] Look back on your work. [5] How could it be better? If this technique fails, Pólya advises: [6] "If you cannot solve the proposed problem, try to solve first some related problem. Could you imagine a more accessible related problem?"
It plays an equally central role in the sciences, which often start with many particular observations and then apply the process of generalization to arrive at a universal law. [76] [77] [1] A well-known issue in the field of inductive reasoning is the so-called problem of induction. It concerns the question of whether or why anyone is ...
As an object of inquiry, problematization is described as a process of objects becoming problems by being “characterized, analyzed, and treated” [2] as such. As a form of analysis, problematization seeks to answer the questions of “how and why certain things (behavior; phenomena, processes) became a problem”. [2]