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Spatial inequality refers to the unequal distribution of income and resources across geographical regions. [1] Attributable to local differences in infrastructure, [2] geographical features (presence of mountains, coastlines, particular climates, etc.) and economies of agglomeration, [3] such inequality remains central to public policy discussions regarding economic inequality more broadly.
It is important to differentiate between between-country inequality, which was the driving force for this pattern, and within country inequality, which remained largely constant. [ 27 ] Countries by total wealth (trillions USD), Credit Suisse Change in real income between 1988 and 2008 at various income percentiles of global income distribution ...
Economic inequality is an umbrella term for a) income inequality or distribution of income (how the total sum of money paid to people is distributed among them), b) wealth inequality or distribution of wealth (how the total sum of wealth owned by people is distributed among the owners), and c) consumption inequality (how the total sum of money spent by people is distributed among the spenders).
Globally, the issue of spatial inequality is largely a result of disparities between urban and rural areas. A study commissioned by the United Nations University WIDER project has shown that for the twenty-six countries included in the study, spatial inequalities have been high and on the increase, especially for developing nations.
The higher the number of segments (such as deciles instead of quintiles), the closer the measured inequality of distribution gets to the real inequality. (If the inequality within the segments is known, the total inequality can be determined by those inequality metrics which have the property of being "decomposable".)
For the top 21 industrialised countries, counting each person equally, life expectancy is lower in more unequal countries (r = -.907). [5] A similar relationship exists among US states (r = -.620). [6] 2013 Economics Nobel prize winner Robert J. Shiller said that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is the most important problem ...
In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population. [1] Economic theory and economic policy have long seen income and its distribution as a central concern. Unequal distribution of income causes economic inequality which is a concern in almost all countries around the world. [2] [3]
Their findings place the United States as the most unequal and ranks poorly on social and health problems among developed countries. [176] The authors argue inequality creates psychosocial stress and status anxiety that lead to social ills. [177] A 2009 study attributed one in three deaths in the United States to high levels of inequality. [178]