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  2. Lewis structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_structure

    Initially, one line (representing a single bond) is drawn between each pair of connected atoms. Each bond consists of a pair of electrons, so if t is the total number of electrons to be placed and n is the number of single bonds just drawn, t−2n electrons remain to be placed. These are temporarily drawn as dots, one per electron, to a maximum ...

  3. Miscibility gap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscibility_gap

    A miscibility gap between isostructural phases may be described as the solvus, a term also used to describe the boundary on a phase diagram between a miscibility gap and other phases. [2] Thermodynamically, miscibility gaps indicate a maximum (e.g. of Gibbs energy) in the composition range. [3] [4]

  4. Phase boundary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_boundary

    In thermal equilibrium, each phase (i.e. liquid, solid etc.) of physical matter comes to an end at a transitional point, or spatial interface, called a phase boundary, due to the immiscibility of the matter with the matter on the other side of the boundary. This immiscibility is due to at least one difference between the two substances ...

  5. Phase diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_diagram

    Boiling-point diagram. A two component diagram with components A and B in an "ideal" solution is shown. The construction of a liquid vapor phase diagram assumes an ideal liquid solution obeying Raoult's law and an ideal gas mixture obeying Dalton's law of partial pressure. A tie line from the liquid to the gas at constant pressure would ...

  6. Grain boundary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_boundary

    Schematic representations of a tilt boundary (top) and a twist boundary between two idealised grains. The simplest boundary is that of a tilt boundary where the rotation axis is parallel to the boundary plane. This boundary can be conceived as forming from a single, contiguous crystallite or grain which is gradually bent by some external force ...

  7. Molecular orbital diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_orbital_diagram

    Two atomic orbitals in phase create a larger electron density, which leads to the σ orbital. If the two 1s orbitals are not in phase, a node between them causes a jump in energy, the σ* orbital. From the diagram you can deduce the bond order, how many bonds are formed between the two atoms. For this molecule it is equal to one.

  8. Anti-phase domain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-phase_domain

    These can be seen in Figure 1 and 2 below. The width of these regions is determined by the force balance between the like-signed partial dislocations’ repulsion and the regions surface energy. As the anti-phase boundary surface energy increases, the degree of separation between the partial dislocations will decrease to compensate. Ni3Al Lattice

  9. Arrangement of lines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrangement_of_lines

    The boundary of a cell is the system of edges that touch it, and the boundary of an edge is the set of vertices that touch it (one vertex for a ray and two for a line segment). The system of objects of all three types, linked by this boundary operator, form a cell complex covering the plane.