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The Division of Extramural Research funds programs outside of the NIH which "support research, research training, and career development". [24] The Division itself is broken down into "program clusters" that are "organized around critical, cross-cutting scientific topics that hold great promise for advancing knowledge and reducing the burden of ...
provides guidance to institutes in research and training programs conducted through extramural programs (that is, grant, contract, or cooperative agreement programs). [13] grants.nih.gov /grants /oer.htm: Office of Intramural Research OIR coordinates research conducted directly by NIH personnel through intramural programs. [13] oir.nih.gov
The program trained 310 medical and dental students in 15 different NIH institutes/centers on the intramural campus of the NIH in Bethesda; and the last class was completed in 2012. [ 2 ] NIH Director at the time, Harold Varmus , inaugurated the program to offer creative, research-oriented students the chance to engage in clinical research ...
The program has its origins in the non-NIH funded MD-PhD training offered at the nation's research-centric medical schools. An early dual-degree program began at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in 1956. [4] Other prominent medical schools quickly followed this example and developed integrated MD-PhD training structures.
Sleep deprivation has become hardwired into the military culture. It is prevalent in the entire force and especially severe for servicemembers deployed in high-conflict environments. [188] [189] Sleep deprivation has been used by the military in training programs to prepare personnel for combat experiences when proper sleep schedules are not ...
Competence in sleep medicine requires an understanding of a plethora of very diverse disorders, many of which present with similar symptoms such as excessive daytime sleepiness, which, in the absence of volitional sleep deprivation, "is almost inevitably caused by an identifiable and treatable sleep disorder," such as sleep apnea, narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, Kleine-Levin syndrome ...
EDS can be a symptom of a number of factors and disorders. Specialists in sleep medicine are trained to diagnose them. Some are: Insufficient quality or quantity of night time sleep [5] Obstructive sleep apnea [6] Misalignments of the body's circadian pacemaker with the environment (e.g., jet lag, shift work, or other circadian rhythm sleep ...
Sleep debt or sleep deficit is the cumulative effect of not getting enough sleep. A large sleep debt may lead to mental or physical fatigue, and can adversely affect one's mood, energy, and ability to think clearly. There are two kinds of sleep debt: the result of partial sleep deprivation, and of total sleep deprivation