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In organic chemistry, thioesters are organosulfur compounds with the molecular structure R−C(=O)−S−R’. They are analogous to carboxylate esters ( R−C(=O)−O−R’ ) with the sulfur in the thioester replacing oxygen in the carboxylate ester, as implied by the thio- prefix.
Pages in category "Thioesters" The following 24 pages are in this category, out of 24 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
Coenzyme A (CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle.All genomes sequenced to date encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it (or a thioester) as a substrate.
This thioester linkage is a "high energy" bond, which is particularly reactive. Hydrolysis of the thioester bond is exergonic (−31.5 kJ/mol). CoA is acetylated to acetyl-CoA by the breakdown of carbohydrates through glycolysis and by the breakdown of fatty acids through β-oxidation.
The biosynthesis and degradation of fatty acids and related long-chain hydrocarbons is conducted on a scaffold that anchors the growing chain through a thioester derived from the thiol Coenzyme A. The biosynthesis of methane, the principal hydrocarbon on Earth, arises from the reaction mediated by coenzyme M, 2-mercaptoethyl sulfonic acid ...
S-palmitoylation (i.e. attachment of palmitic acid) is a reversible protein modification in which a palmitic acid is attached to a specific cysteine residue via thioester linkage. [2] [11] The term S-acylation can also be used when other medium and long fatty acids chains are also attached to palmitoylated proteins.
To participate in specific metabolic processes, fatty acids must first be activated by being joined in thioester linkage (R-CO-SCoA) to the -SH group of coenzyme A, where R is a fatty carbon chain. The thioester bond is a high energy bond. [1] The activation reaction normally occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum or the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Pages in category "Thioesters of coenzyme A" The following 35 pages are in this category, out of 35 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. A. Acetoacetyl-CoA;