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The Ecosystem Management Decision Support (EMDS) system is an application framework for knowledge-based decision support of ecological analysis and planning at any geographic scale.
The Alkali Sink Ecological Reserve is a protected conservation area spanning approximately 930 acres in the Central Valley of California. The reserve contains a variety of habitats, such as alkali sink scrub and annual grasslands , and serves as an essential refuge for numerous migratory birds, waterfowl, and endangered species.
Population ecology is a sub-field of ecology that deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations interact with the environment. [15] It is the study of how the population sizes of species living together in groups change over time and space, and was one of the first aspects of ecology to be studied and modelled mathematically.
The formula to calculate net ecosystem production is NEP = GPP - respiration (by autotrophs) - respiration (by heterotrophs). [22] The key difference between NPP and NEP is that NPP focuses primarily on autotrophic production, whereas NEP incorporates the contributions of other aspects of the ecosystem to the total carbon budget.
The species–area relationship for a contiguous habitat. The species–area relationship or species–area curve describes the relationship between the area of a habitat, or of part of a habitat, and the number of species found within that area.
Ecological efficiency is a combination of several related efficiencies that describe resource utilization and the extent to which resources are converted into biomass. [ 1 ] Exploitation efficiency is the amount of food ingested divided by the amount of prey production ( I n / P n − 1 {\displaystyle I_{n}/P_{n-1}} )
Ecosystem ecology is philosophically and historically rooted in terrestrial ecology. The ecosystem concept has evolved rapidly during the last 100 years with important ideas developed by Frederic Clements, a botanist who argued for specific definitions of ecosystems and that physiological processes were responsible for their development and persistence. [2]
I = (PAT) is the mathematical notation of a formula put forward to describe the impact of human activity on the environment. I = P × A × T The expression equates human impact on the environment to a function of three factors : population (P), affluence (A) and technology (T). [ 1 ]