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  2. Normalization (machine learning) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalization_(machine...

    The following is a Python implementation of BatchNorm for 2D convolutions: import numpy as np def batchnorm_cnn ( x , gamma , beta , epsilon = 1e-9 ): # Calculate the mean and variance for each channel. mean = np . mean ( x , axis = ( 0 , 1 , 2 ), keepdims = True ) var = np . var ( x , axis = ( 0 , 1 , 2 ), keepdims = True ) # Normalize the ...

  3. Quantile normalization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantile_normalization

    To quantile normalize two or more distributions to each other, without a reference distribution, sort as before, then set to the average (usually, arithmetic mean) of the distributions. So the highest value in all cases becomes the mean of the highest values, the second highest value becomes the mean of the second highest values, and so on.

  4. Softmax function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softmax_function

    The softmax function is often used as the last activation function of a neural network to normalize the output of a ... >>> import numpy as np >>> z = np. array ([1.0 ...

  5. NumPy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NumPy

    NumPy (pronounced / ˈ n ʌ m p aɪ / NUM-py) is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays. [3]

  6. Power iteration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_iteration

    #!/usr/bin/env python3 import numpy as np def power_iteration (A, num_iterations: int): # Ideally choose a random vector # To decrease the chance that our vector # Is orthogonal to the eigenvector b_k = np. random. rand (A. shape [1]) for _ in range (num_iterations): # calculate the matrix-by-vector product Ab b_k1 = np. dot (A, b_k) # calculate the norm b_k1_norm = np. linalg. norm (b_k1 ...

  7. Truncated normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncated_normal_distribution

    Implementations can be found in C, C++, Matlab and Python. Sampling from the multivariate truncated normal distribution is considerably more difficult. [11] Exact or perfect simulation is only feasible in the case of truncation of the normal distribution to a polytope region.

  8. Normalization (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalization_(statistics)

    Normalizing residuals when parameters are estimated, particularly across different data points in regression analysis. Standardized moment: Normalizing moments, using the standard deviation as a measure of scale. Coefficient of variation

  9. Dynamic time warping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_time_warping

    The simpledtw Python library implements the classic O(NM) Dynamic Programming algorithm and bases on Numpy. It supports values of any dimension, as well as using custom norm functions for the distances. It is licensed under the MIT license. The tslearn Python library implements DTW in the time-series context.