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An actuary is a professional with advanced mathematical skills who deals with the measurement and management of risk and uncertainty. [1] These risks can affect both sides of the balance sheet and require asset management, liability management, and valuation skills. [2]
The potential of modern financial economics theory to complement existing actuarial science was recognized by actuaries in the mid-twentieth century. [11] In the late 1980s and early 1990s, there was a distinct effort for actuaries to combine financial theory and stochastic methods into their established models. [12]
Continuing education is required after certification for all actuaries who sign statements of actuarial opinion. [28] The Canadian Institute of Actuaries (the CIA) recognizes fellows of both the Society of Actuaries and the Casualty Actuary Society, provided that they have specialized study in Canadian actuarial practice. For fellows of the SOA ...
Actuarial credibility describes an approach used by actuaries to improve statistical estimates. Although the approach can be formulated in either a frequentist or Bayesian statistical setting, the latter is often preferred because of the ease of recognizing more than one source of randomness through both "sampling" and "prior" information. In a ...
The CAS requires all candidates to qualify through a series of actuarial exams covering various aspects of actuarial practice. Passing Exams 1–6 as well as Exam S, the Course on Professionalism, the Validation by Educational Experience (VEE), and two online courses qualifies an actuary for the Associateship designation; passing three additional exams is required to become a Fellow. [10]
The loss random variable is the starting point in the determination of any type of actuarial reserve calculation. Define () to be the future state lifetime random variable of a person aged x.
The Society of Actuaries (SOA) is a global professional organization for actuaries. It was founded in 1949 as the merger of two major actuarial organizations in the United States: the Actuarial Society of America and the American Institute of Actuaries. [1] It is a full member organization of the International Actuarial Association. [2]
In 2012 the UK Institute and Faculty of Actuaries awarded a Finlaison Medal to Hardy in recognition of her service to the profession, both within the UK and internationally, in education, research, transition of research into practice and governance in furthering these aims.