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The 808 was a commercial failure, as electronic music had yet to become mainstream and many producers wanted more realistic drum sounds. After building approximately 12,000 units, Roland discontinued the 808 after its semiconductors became impossible to restock. It was succeeded by the TR-909 in 1983.
The Roland TR-808, a programmable drum machine, was launched in 1980.The TR-808 included unique artificial percussion sounds, such as “the hum kick, the ticky snare, the tishy hi-hats (open and closed) and the spacey cowbell.” [4]
The Roland TR-909 Rhythm Composer, commonly known as the 909, is a drum machine introduced by Roland Corporation in 1983, succeeding the TR-808. It was the first Roland drum machine to use samples for some sounds, and the first with MIDI functionality, allowing it to synchronize with other devices.
Phonk (/ f ɒ ŋ k / ⓘ) is a subgenre of hip hop and trap music directly inspired by 1990s Memphis rap.The style is characterized by vocals from old Memphis rap tapes and samples from early 1990s hip hop, especially cowbell samples resembling that of the Roland TR-808 drum machine.
This aspect of the Roland TR-808 was especially appealing to producers who would test drive their tracks in nightclubs (like NYC's Funhouse), where the bass drum sound was essential for a record's success. [14] Its unique percussion sounds like handclaps, open and closed high-hat, clave and cowbell became integral to the electro sound.
DJ Spanish Fly had introduced the synthetic drum-kit sound with the TR-808, splitting the Memphis scene in two between those who preferred the live versus the digital sound. Alongside a strong drum beat were "cowbell, syncopated rhythms, powerful sub-bass, and sharp digital snares", these elements becoming the hallmarks of the Memphis rap sound.
It was also the first Roland drum machine to use samples for some sounds. [36] Like the 808, the 909 was a commercial failure, but had a lasting influence on popular music after cheap units circulated on the used market; alongside the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer, it influenced the development of electronic genres such as techno, house and acid.
The album was the first of any kind to feature the Roland TR-808, one of the earliest programmable drum machines; [3] YMO had already been the first band to use the device, featuring it on-stage as early as 1980. [4] [5] In addition to the TR-808, this was also their first studio album recorded with the Roland MC-4 Microcomposer.
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