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Further methods used are choosing the appropriate frequency encoding direction, since metal artifacts are most pronounced in this direction, using smaller voxel sizes, fast imaging sequences, increased readout bandwidth and avoiding gradient-echo imaging when metal is present. A technique called MARS (metal artifact reduction sequence) applies ...
One group of deep learning reconstruction algorithms apply post-processing neural networks to achieve image-to-image reconstruction, where input images are reconstructed by conventional reconstruction methods. Artifact reduction using the U-Net in limited angle tomography is such an example application. [6]
For example, a significant amount of cortex can be present on a flake taken off near the very end of the reduction sequence. [2] Removed flakes exhibit features characteristic of conchoidal fracturing, including striking platforms , bulbs of force, and occasionally eraillures (small secondary flakes detached from the flake's bulb of force ).
A stone tool's simplified chaîne opératoire.Despite its name, the chaîne need not be linear.. Chaîne opératoire (French: [ʃɛn‿ɔpeʁatwaʁ]; lit. ' operational chain ' or ' operational sequence ') is a term used throughout anthropological discourse, most commonly in archaeology and sociocultural anthropology.
In archaeology, lithic analysis is the analysis of stone tools and other chipped stone artifacts using basic scientific techniques. At its most basic level, lithic analyses involve an analysis of the artifact's morphology, the measurement of various physical attributes, and examining other visible features (such as noting the presence or absence of cortex, for example).
Once metals are cleaned, metallurgists use microscopes to examine minute details of the metals in order to reveal information regarding composition and manufacturing techniques. For example, the artifact shape, cracks, and places where pieces of metal were joined together can be identified.
There are typically five components to statistical iterative image reconstruction algorithms, e.g. [3] An object model that expresses the unknown continuous-space function () that is to be reconstructed in terms of a finite series with unknown coefficients that must be estimated from the data.
Artifacts organized into this kind of typology are sorted by the use they serve rather than the looks they have or the chronological sequence they possess. In some cases, the artifacts may not be removed because of the functional purpose they exhibit, and the restoration of the pieces can be more difficult than other types of objects.