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Further methods used are choosing the appropriate frequency encoding direction, since metal artifacts are most pronounced in this direction, using smaller voxel sizes, fast imaging sequences, increased readout bandwidth and avoiding gradient-echo imaging when metal is present. A technique called MARS (metal artifact reduction sequence) applies ...
In archaeology, lithic analysis is the analysis of stone tools and other chipped stone artifacts using basic scientific techniques. At its most basic level, lithic analyses involve an analysis of the artifact's morphology, the measurement of various physical attributes, and examining other visible features (such as noting the presence or absence of cortex, for example).
For example, a significant amount of cortex can be present on a flake taken off near the very end of the reduction sequence. [2] Removed flakes exhibit features characteristic of conchoidal fracturing, including striking platforms , bulbs of force, and occasionally eraillures (small secondary flakes detached from the flake's bulb of force ).
One group of deep learning reconstruction algorithms apply post-processing neural networks to achieve image-to-image reconstruction, where input images are reconstructed by conventional reconstruction methods. Artifact reduction using the U-Net in limited angle tomography is such an example application. [6]
Standard foundation and comparison for other sequences T2 weighted: T2: Measuring spin–spin relaxation by using long TR and TE times Higher signal for more water content [1] Low signal for fat in standard Spine Echo (SE), [1] though not with Fast Spin Echo/Turbo Spin Echo (FSE/TSE). FSE/TSE is the standard of care in modern medicine because ...
A stone tool's simplified chaîne opératoire.Despite its name, the chaîne need not be linear.. Chaîne opératoire (French: [ʃɛn‿ɔpeʁatwaʁ]; lit. ' operational chain ' or ' operational sequence ') is a term used throughout anthropological discourse, most commonly in archaeology and sociocultural anthropology.
Once metals are cleaned, metallurgists use microscopes to examine minute details of the metals in order to reveal information regarding composition and manufacturing techniques. For example, the artifact shape, cracks, and places where pieces of metal were joined together can be identified.
For example, a 25 nm half-pitch pattern can be generated from interleaving two 50 nm half-pitch patterns, three 75 nm half-pitch patterns, or four 100 nm half-pitch patterns. The feature size reduction will most likely require the assistance of techniques such as chemical shrinks, thermal reflow, or shrink assist films.