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Further methods used are choosing the appropriate frequency encoding direction, since metal artifacts are most pronounced in this direction, using smaller voxel sizes, fast imaging sequences, increased readout bandwidth and avoiding gradient-echo imaging when metal is present. A technique called MARS (metal artifact reduction sequence) applies ...
Projected X-rays are clearly visible on this slice taken with a CT-scan as image artifacts, due to limited amount of projection slices over angles. The projection of an object, resulting from the tomographic measurement process at a given angle , is made up of a set of line integrals (see Fig. 1). A set of many such projections under different ...
For example, a significant amount of cortex can be present on a flake taken off near the very end of the reduction sequence. [2] Removed flakes exhibit features characteristic of conchoidal fracturing, including striking platforms , bulbs of force, and occasionally eraillures (small secondary flakes detached from the flake's bulb of force ).
The term denotes a description of the stages of production of material culture—especially pottery and stone tools made through lithic reduction—from raw material acquisition to tool production to use to abandonment. [1] [2] [3] The chaîne opératoire was born out of archaeologists' interest in elevating lithic analysis beyond simple ...
the characterization of matrix-associated regions (MARs) the first examples of which supported the immunoglobulin kapp-chain enhancer according to its occupancy with transcription factors [3] Subsequent work demonstrated both the constitutive (SAR-like) and the facultative (MAR-like) function of the elements depending on the context.
Fat suppression is an MRI technique in which fat signal from adipose tissue is suppressed to better visualize uptake of contrast material by bodily tissues, reduce chemical shift artifact, and to characterize certain types of lesions such as adrenal gland tumors, bone marrow infiltration, fatty tumors, and steatosis by determining the fat content of the tissues. [1]
In archaeology, lithic analysis is the analysis of stone tools and other chipped stone artifacts using basic scientific techniques. At its most basic level, lithic analyses involve an analysis of the artifact's morphology, the measurement of various physical attributes, and examining other visible features (such as noting the presence or absence of cortex, for example).
There are typically five components to statistical iterative image reconstruction algorithms, e.g. [3] An object model that expresses the unknown continuous-space function () that is to be reconstructed in terms of a finite series with unknown coefficients that must be estimated from the data.