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The various State-Trait tests each evaluate different emotions. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory measures anxiety by assessing someone’s state and trait anxiety. The STAI was one of the first tests to examine state and trait anxiety at the same time. There are two forms of the STAI, one for children, and for adults.
The STAI is based on the theory that there are two distinct aspects of anxiety. The State scale is designed to measure the circumstantial or temporary arousal of anxiety, and the Trait scale is designed to measure longstanding personality characteristics related to anxiety. The items on each scale are based on a two-factor model: "anxiety ...
Charles Donald Spielberger (March 28, 1927 – June 11, 2013) was an American clinical community psychologist well-known for his development of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. [ 1 ] In 1972, as incoming president of the Southeastern Psychological Association he appointed the organization's Task Force on the Status of Women, chaired by Ellen ...
The BAI can be described as a measure of "prolonged state anxiety", which, in a clinical setting, is an important assessment. A version of the BAI, the Beck Anxiety Inventory-Trait (BAIT), was developed in 2008 to assess trait anxiety rather than immediate or prolonged state anxiety, much like the STAI.
Negative affect is regularly recognized as a "stable, heritable trait tendency to experience a broad range of negative feelings, such as worry, anxiety, self-criticisms, and a negative self-view". This allows one to feel every type of emotion, which is regarded as a normal part of life and human nature.
The Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, sometimes shortened to the CMAS, was created in 1956.This scale was closely modeled after the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale.It was developed so that the TMAS could be applied to a broader range of people, specifically children.
The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) was designed by William W. K. Zung M.D. (1929–1992) a professor of psychiatry from Duke University, to quantify a patient's level of anxiety. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The SAS is a 20-item self-report assessment device built to measure anxiety levels, based on scoring in 4 groups of manifestations: cognitive ...
Hamilton developed the scale to be used with patients already known to suffer from anxiety neurosis, not to be used as a means of diagnosing anxiety in patients with other disorders. Although Hamilton developed the scale as a rating of severity, he used his scale to differentiate "anxiety as a pathological mood" from a "state (or neurosis)."