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Farro is made from any of three species of hulled wheat (those that retain their husks tightly and cannot be threshed): spelt (Triticum spelta), emmer (Triticum dicoccum), and einkorn (Triticum monococcum). [3] In Italian cuisine, the three species are sometimes distinguished as farro grande, farro medio, and farro piccolo. [4]
Thus, the meaning of the ancient Greek word ζειά ([zeiá]) or ζέα is either uncertain or vague, and has been argued to denote einkorn [6] or emmer rather than spelt. [7] Likewise, the ancient Roman grain denoted by the Latin word far , although often translated as 'spelt', was in fact emmer. [ 8 ]
Like einkorn (T. monococcum) and spelt (T. spelta), emmer is a hulled wheat, meaning it has strong glumes (husks) that enclose the grains, and a semibrittle rachis. On threshing, a hulled wheat spike breaks up into spikelets that require milling or pounding to release the grains from the glumes. [ 7 ]
The principal difference between wild einkorn and cultivated einkorn is the method of seed dispersal. In the wild variety the seed head usually shatters and drops the kernels (seeds) of wheat onto the ground. [1] This facilitates a new crop of wheat. In the domestic variety, the seed head remains intact.
Wild cereals and other wild grasses in northern Israel. Ancient grains is a marketing term used to describe a category of grains and pseudocereals that are purported to have been minimally changed by selective breeding over recent millennia, as opposed to more widespread cereals such as corn, rice and modern varieties of wheat, which are the product of thousands of years of selective breeding.
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Hexaploid wheats (e.g. T. aestivum – the most common – and T. spelta) are the result of a hybridisation between a domesticated tetraploid wheat, probably T. dicoccum or T. durum, and another goatgrass, Ae. tauschii or Ae. squarrosa. [6] [8] The hexaploid genome is an allohexaploid composed of two copies each of three subgenomes, AABBDD. [9]
Rice can come in many shapes, colours and sizes. This is a list of rice cultivars, also known as rice varieties.There are several species of grain called rice. [1] Asian rice (Oryza sativa) is most widely known and most widely grown, with two major subspecies (indica and japonica) and over 40,000 varieties. [2]