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Farro is made from any of three species of hulled wheat (those that retain their husks tightly and cannot be threshed): spelt (Triticum spelta), emmer (Triticum dicoccum), and einkorn (Triticum monococcum). [3] In Italian cuisine, the three species are sometimes distinguished as farro grande, farro medio, and farro piccolo. [4]
Einkorn is the source of many potential introgressions for immunity – Nikolai Vavilov called it an "accumulator of complex immunities." [ 19 ] T. monococcum is the source of Sr21 , a stem rust resistance gene which has been introgressed into hexaploid worldwide. [ 20 ]
Bulgur does not require cooking, although it can be included in cooked dishes; soaking in water is all that is needed. [ 12 ] Coarse bulgur is used to make pottages , [ 13 ] while the medium and fine grains are used for breakfast cereals , [ 14 ] salads such as kısır , pilavs , breads, [ 15 ] and in dessert puddings such as kheer .
Tofurkey – faux turkey, a meat substitute in the form of a loaf or casserole of vegetarian protein, usually made from tofu (soybean protein) or seitan (wheat protein) with a stuffing made from grains or bread, flavored with a broth and seasoned with herbs and spices; Cauliflower – coated in flour and baked or fried to imitate chicken wings ...
Wild cereals and other wild grasses in northern Israel. Ancient grains is a marketing term used to describe a category of grains and pseudocereals that are purported to have been minimally changed by selective breeding over recent millennia, as opposed to more widespread cereals such as corn, rice and modern varieties of wheat, which are the product of thousands of years of selective breeding.
In Triticum, five genomes, all originally found in diploid species, have been identified: A m, also called A b – present in wild einkorn (T. boeoticum). A – present in T. urartu [9] (closely related to T. boeoticum but not interfertile). B – present in most tetraploid wheats. Source not identified, but similar to Ae. speltoides. [9]
The wild progenitors of all three crops are self-pollinating, which made them easier to domesticate. [14] Wild einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum subsp. boeoticum) grows across Southwest Asia in open parkland and steppe environments. [14] It comprises three distinct races, only one of which, native to Southeast Anatolia, was domesticated. [15]
Spelt was introduced to the United States in the 1890s. In the 20th century, spelt was replaced by bread wheat in almost all areas where it was still grown. The organic farming movement revived its popularity somewhat toward the end of the 20th century, as spelt requires less fertilizer. [20]