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Some strains of V. cholerae are pathogenic to humans and cause a deadly disease called cholera, which can be derived from the consumption of undercooked or raw marine life species or drinking contaminated water. [2] V. cholerae was first described by Félix-Archimède Pouchet in 1849 as some kind of protozoa.
If the severe diarrhea is not treated, it can result in life-threatening dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. [17] Estimates of the ratio of asymptomatic to symptomatic infections have ranged from 3 to 100. [19] Cholera has been nicknamed the "blue death" [20] because a person's skin may turn bluish-gray from extreme loss of fluids. [21]
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An example of a virus that uses the lysogenic cycle to its advantage is the Herpes Simplex Virus. [10] After first entering the lytic cycle and infecting a human host, it enters the lysogenic cycle. This allows it to travel to the nervous system's sensory neurons and remain undetected for long periods of time.
In biology, a biological life cycle (or just life cycle when the biological context is clear) is a series of stages of the life of an organism, that begins as a zygote, often in an egg, and concludes as an adult that reproduces, producing an offspring in the form of a new zygote which then itself goes through the same series of stages, the ...
Ribbon diagram of cholera toxin. From Ribbon diagram of pertussis toxin. S1 is the A subunit, and S2-S5 make up the B subunit. [3] Ribbon diagram of shiga toxin (Stx) from Shigella dysenteriae, showing the characteristic AB5 structure. A subunit is in orange and B-subunit complex is in blue.
These diagrams are used in many sanitation publications. [7] They are set up in a way that fecal–oral transmission pathways are shown to take place via water, hands, arthropods and soil. To make it easier to remember, words starting with the letter "F" are used for each of these pathways, namely fluids, fingers, flies , food, fields, fomites ...
Vibrio cholerae, which causes cholera, was the bacterium of choice, and was used by Japan against the Chinese in Baoshan in 1942, and in northern Shandong in 1943. The Baoshan bombing produced epidemics that killed 60,000 people in the initial stages, reaching a radius of 200 kilometres (120 mi) which finally took a toll of 200,000 victims.